Pediatric Communicable Diseases Questions And Answers 2023 A+

Pediatric Communicable Diseases Questions And Answers 2023 A+ A parent brings a 2-month-old baby in for a routine wellness examination. Which vaccination should the nurse prepare to administer to this patient? 1. Hepatitis A 2. Hepatitis B 3. Inactivated poliovirus 4. Measles, mumps, rubella - ANS 2 1 This is incorrect. The hepatitis A vaccine is given to all children 12 months and older. 2 This is correct. The hepatitis B vaccine is provided to all newborns. Three doses of hepatitis B are given before age 2 years: at birth, at 1 to 2 months of age, and at 9 to 12 months of age. 3 This is incorrect. The inactivated poliovirus IPV is given in a series of four doses: at 2, 4, and 6 to 18 months as well as 4 to 6 years. 4 This is incorrect. The minimum age for receiving the measles, mumps, and rubella immunization is 12 months. The nurse learns that a 16-year-old patient has not received the human papilloma virus vaccine (HPV-Gardasil). Which should the nurse explain to the patient at this time about the vaccination? 1. "The complete vaccine can be given today." 2. "You can wait a few years before needing the vaccination." 3. "A dose can be given today with the final dose in 6 months." 4. "A dose should be given today with follow-up doses in 1 to 2 months, and the last in 6 months." - ANS 4 1 This is incorrect. The vaccination for HPV is given as either two doses or three doses, depending on the patient's age. 2 This is incorrect. The HPV vaccination is recommended to be given at 11 to 12 years of age (minimum age is 9 years old) in a two-dose series with a minimum of 6 months between dosing. 3 This is incorrect. If vaccination is not begun by age 15, the patient requires a threedose series: first injection, second injection in 1 or 2 months, and the third injection 6 months after the first. 4 This is correct. Because the patient is over age 15, a first dose should be given now, with follow-up doses in 1 to 2 months, and the final dose in 6 months. A new mother contacts the health-care provider's office to ask for guidance regarding a change in the infant's health. For which reason should the nurse direct the mother to seek immediate medical attention? 1. Difficult to arouse 2. Wetting six diapers a day 3. Breastfeeding every 3 hours 4. Sleeping for several hours in the afternoon - ANS 1 1 This is correct. A change in responsiveness or being difficult to arouse could indicate a change in oxygenation or perfusion. The infant should be seen immediately for medical attention. 2 This is incorrect. Wetting six diapers a day is an expected behavior for an infant. 3 This is incorrect. An infant feeding every 3 hours is expected behavior. 4 This is incorrect. Infants have a great need for sleep. Sleeping for several hours in the afternoon is expected behavior. A parent brings his school-age child to the clinic for a rash that developed over the face, trunk, and extremities. Which question should the nurse ask the parent when assessing the patient? 1. "Has the child been nauseated or has the child vomited?" 2. "How often is the child given acetaminophen, or Tylenol?" 3. "Has the child eaten any food that was not properly cooked?" 4. "Was the child exposed to anyone with a respiratory infection?" - ANS 4 1 This is incorrect. This patient's symptoms suggest fifth disease, which is not associated with nausea and vomiting. 2 This is incorrect. Acetaminophen use would not result in these symptoms. 3 This is incorrect. Eating improperly prepared food would not cause these symptoms. 4 This is correct. These symptoms are indicative of fifth disease, which is transmitted through respiratory secretions. Assessing whether the patient was exposed to anyone with a respiratory infection would be appropriate. A school-age patient with rubella is placed in droplet precautions. Which action should the nurse take when implementing these precautions? 1. Use a mask with a HEPA filter. 2. Instruct to cough into the hands. 3. Wear a mask when providing care. 4. Assign to a negative air pressure room. - ANS 3 1 This is incorrect. A mask with a HEPA filter is needed when caring for a patient with tuberculosis. 2 This is incorrect. The patient should be instructed to cover the mouth with a tissue when coughing, properly dispose of the used tissue, and wash the hands. 3 This is correct. For droplet precautions, health-care providers should wear a mask. 4 This is incorrect. A negative air pressure room is needed for the patient with tuberculosis. A parent arrives at the family clinic seeking medical attention for his 14-year-old child. The child has a fever, malaise, nausea, and abdominal pain. Which finding should indicate to the nurse that the patient is experiencing hepatitis A? 1. Elevated serum bilirubin 2. Greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes 3. Presence of the virus in nasal secretions 4. Positive Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody test - ANS 1 CONTINUES...