Elementary Statistics Exam #1-Solved

data - ANSWER-consists of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses. statistics - ANSWER--the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions -derived from the Latin word "status" meaning state involves more of counting births & deaths -divided into 2 fields (descriptive & inferential) data sets - ANSWER-two types used to study in statistics: -population -samples population - ANSWER-the collection of ALL outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest Population Example: EX: the amount of energy collected from every wind turbine on a wind farm...what is the population? - ANSWER-The energy amounts are a population bc the amounts represent a collection of amounts from ALL the wind turbines on the farm sample - ANSWER--a subset, or part, of a population -should be a representative of a population so it can be used to draw conclusions about population "Random sampling" is an appropriate method of ____ -a sample is used more than population bc data is used to draw conclusions about a population Sample Example: A survey of 500 spectators from a stadium with 42,000 spectators...what is the sample? - ANSWER-The survey of 500 spectators is a sample bc it is a subset, or part, of the population of 42,000 spectators at the stadium Data Set Examples: A survey of 1015 U.S. adults found that 32% have had to put off medical care for themselves or their family in the past year due to cost. What are the data sets? - ANSWER-Population: results from all adults in U.S. Sample: results from the 1015 U.S. adults included in the survey Data Set Examples: In a survey, 614 small business owners in the US were asked whether they thought their companys FB presence was valuable. 258 of the 614 said yes. What is the population and sample & describe the sample data set? - ANSWER-The population consists of the responses of all small business owners in the US. The sample consists of the 614 responses of the small business owners in the survey. **The sample is a subset of responses of business owners in the US...the sample data set consists of 258 "yes" owners & 356 owners who said "no" parameter - ANSWER-a numerical description of a POPULATION characteristic Parameter Example: In January 2013, 60% of the governors of the 50 states in the USA were republicans. What is the Parameter? - ANSWER-The 60% is the PARAMETER. It is the numerical description of the total number of governors statistic - ANSWER-a numerical description of a SAMPLE characteristic Statistic Example: The average annual salary for 35 of a company's 1200 accountants is $68,000. What is the Statistic? - ANSWER-The $68,000 is a STATISTIC. It is a numerical description of a sample of annual salaries Descriptive Statistics - ANSWER-is a branch of statistics that involves organization, summarization, and display of data. Descriptive Stats Example: A survey of 202 pilots found that 20% admit that they have made a serious error due to sleepiness. What is the descriptive statistic? - ANSWER-The statement "20% admit that they have made serious errors due to sleepiness" is a descriptive statistic. Inferential Statistics - ANSWER-is the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of this is probability. Inferential Statistics Example: An inference is drawn from the sample is that "an association exists between sleepiness and pilot error." - ANSWER-Making this inference is an example of inferential stats qualitative - ANSWER-attributes, lables, or nonnumerical entries EX: eye colors of models since eye color is a nonnumerical attribute quantitative (N) - ANSWER-numerical measurements or counts EX: heights of hot air balloons census - ANSWER-is a count or measure of an entire population & provides complete information