WGU HISTORY FINAL TEST EXAM

WGU HISTORY FINAL TEST EXAM 2023- 2024 Early Civilizations - CORRECT ANSWER-Immersed in South and Central America and Mexico In Peru the Incas - CORRECT ANSWER-Created the largest empire in the Americas stretching almost 2000 miles long South America develop a complex administrative system pave roads Mesoamerican Civilizations - CORRECT ANSWER--Mayans and Aztecs -Occupied Central America and much of Mexico -Developed a strong agricultural system and extensive trade networks, followed a solar calendar, and participated in highly ritualistic religious and political ceremonies. People north of Mexico - CORRECT ANSWER-Developed less elaborate but still substantial civilizations inhabitants of the northern regions of the content it subsided on combinations of hunting gathering and fishing Civilization of the north Eskimos or in the weight of the Arctic Circle - CORRECT ANSWER-Finished and hunted sales big game hunters in the northern forest lead nomadic lives based on the pursuit of moose and caribou tribes of the Pacific Northwest agricultural societies - CORRECT ANSWER-Civilizations of the north That build large irrigation systems constructed towns of stone and adobe Great Plains region most tryouts were engaged in farming corn and grains Cahokia - CORRECT ANSWER-Eastern third of what is now the United States Woodland Indians have the greatest food resources of any area many tribes of the region engage in farming hunting and gathering fishing population 40,000 Columbus, Christopher () - CORRECT ANSWER-Italian-born explorer who sailed on behalf of Spain. While not the first to reach the New World, his four voyages created the lasting connection between Europe and the Americas. Hernando Cortes () - CORRECT ANSWER-Spanish conquistador who initiated the conquest of the Aztec Empire on behalf of Charles V, king of Castile and Holy Roman Emperor, in the early 16th century. Bacon's Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER-1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness. Plymouth plantation - CORRECT ANSWER-Were pilgrims settled and chose their governor William Bradford Indian show them how to hunt the original Thanksgiving Massachusetts Bay experiment - CORRECT ANSWER-King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. Obtain a grant of land in new England for most of the area John Winthrop - CORRECT ANSWER-As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop () was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. New England expansion was carried out primarily by independent pioneers and land speculators who bought up large plots and then sold them to individual farmers. - CORRECT ANSWER-Selected governor was John Winthrop sailed with 17 ships and 1000 people the largest single migration of its kind in the 17th century to new England Connecticut - CORRECT ANSWER-Connecticut River Valley about 100 miles west of pasta began attracting Eng families as early as 1630s because of its fertile land and it's isolations from the bay New Haven - CORRECT ANSWER-founded in Connecticut by Puritans who contrived to set up an even closer church government alliance than in Massachusetts Roger Williams, Rhode Island - CORRECT ANSWER-Williams was a Puritan preacher who fled Massachusetts after his views on religious observance became too extreme for the colonists Williams bought land from the Native Americans and founded Providence in 1636; it was soon populated by his many followers Rhode Island formed as a combination of Providence, Portsmouth, and other settlements that had sprung up in the area Through Roger Williams, the colony granted complete religious toleration Tented to be populated by exiles and troublemakers and was sometimes called "Rogue's Island" Suffered constant political turmoil Ann Hutchinson - CORRECT ANSWER-A woman who believed that many of the clergy in the Puritan church were not of the elect (except John Cotton and her brother-in-law). Challenges church authority, and champions rights for women in religious affairs, prevents John Winthrop's re-election. Puritan community - CORRECT ANSWER-In New England, the social unit was the town. Each town was bound together in a "covenant", a religious and social commitment to unity and harmony. Most towns moved to America together. Greek democracy for men, esp the "elect." (86) Great war for the Empire - CORRECT ANSWER-Also known as the French and Indian War, this was a showdown between England and France for control of North America. With help from the American colonists, the British won this war fought between 1756 and 1763. Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) - CORRECT ANSWER-The term refers to a series of conflicts that waged from 1756 to 1763. The war was a product of economic rivalries that existed in Europe over the treasures of the Americas. The wars were seen in India, the West Indies (Caribbean) and North America. As a result of the conflict, the French lost their empire in North America and the British would create more control over the contested regions, squeezing the French out in the process. William Pitt - CORRECT ANSWER-The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. Anglo-French Rivalry - CORRECT ANSWER-Rivalry between the British and the French in the colonies which led to the French and Indian war. Fort Necessity - CORRECT ANSWER-A hastily built British fort where Washington attempted to defeat the French. However, the French took the fort and forced Washington to surrender. Road to Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-Colonists faced tax increases after the French and Indian War, colonists lacked direct representation in parliament, colonial leaders formed the Continental Congress to address abuses of the English Crown Decentralized empire - CORRECT ANSWER-Administration of the colonies remain loose decentralized and in efficient because England was less inclined than the 17th century monarch had been to try to take control over the Empire Colonies divided - CORRECT ANSWER-saw more ties to britain than to themselves, despite threatening french and indian attack Albany Plan - CORRECT ANSWER-plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown France's colonial empire - CORRECT ANSWER-Louisiana France plantations African slaves owned by creoles people of European ancestry born in the Americas New Orleans founded in 1718 Iroquois Confederacy - CORRECT ANSWER-a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida American Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy. Sovereignty Debated - CORRECT ANSWER-Arguing that Parliament had the right to legislate for the empire as a whole but that only the provincial assemblies could legislate for the individual colonies Americans were in effect arguing for a division of sovereignty Gaspee Incident - CORRECT ANSWER-In June, 1772, the British customs ship Gaspée ran around off the colonial coast. When the British went ashore for help, colonials boarded the ship and burned it. They were sent to Britain for trial. Colonial outrage led to the widespread formation of Committees of Correspondence. Tea Act of 1773 - CORRECT ANSWER-Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party Daughters of Liberty - CORRECT ANSWER-This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent. First Continental Congress (1774) - CORRECT ANSWER-Convention of delegates from the colonies called in to discuss their response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts ( General Thomas Gage - CORRECT ANSWER-British general in the Revolution. He was commander in chief of the North American forces and military governor of the Province of MA Bay. Articles of Confederation - CORRECT ANSWER-A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Decoration lost a period of energetic political and ovation re-consisted it self as a state Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence - CORRECT ANSWERJefferson (with the help of others) delivers why we should and ought to be free from Britain... July 4th, 1776 Unalienable Rights (Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness) Bunker Hill 1775 - CORRECT ANSWER-The colonial army took hold of this fort and the British attacked. After three attacks, the British took the occupied area back because the colonial army ran out of ammunition. The British won the battle but had many casualties. The colonial army lost, but proved they could fight and stand up to the British. Invasion of Canada - CORRECT ANSWER-U.S. General Richard Montgomery forced the British to evacuate Montreal in 1775 and invade Canada. A second force led by Benedict Arnold invaded the land by combining an attack on Quebec; however, it was a failure in that Montgomery was killed, Benedict was shot, and one-third of the colonial troops were killed or captured. William Howe - CORRECT ANSWER-during the summer of 1776, he led hundreds of British ships and 32,000 British soldiers to New York, and offered Congress the choice between surrender with royal pardon and a battle against the odds, and despite having far fewer troops, the Americans rejected the offer. Trenton and Princeton - CORRECT ANSWER-British army settled for the winter; Washington crossed the Delaware river and successfully attacked on Christmas Eve; drove the British away when British reinforcements arrived John Burgoyne - CORRECT ANSWER-British general defeated by American forces at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. Compromise of 1850 - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas Advocates of Reform - CORRECT ANSWER-1780s wealthiest and most powerful groups and population began to want a stronger national government demands have grown so intense that even defend her it's existing system reluctantly agreed that the government needed strengthening that is the weakest point Madison's Virginia Plan - CORRECT ANSWER-would create a two-house Congress Patterson's New Jersey Plan - CORRECT ANSWER-Called for only one congressional house, with all members elected by the state legislatures Great Compromise (1787) - CORRECT ANSWER-Popular term for the measure which reconciled the New Jersey and Virginia plans at the constitutional convention, giving states proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate. The compromise broke the stalemate at the convention and paved the way for subsequent compromises over slavery and the Electoral College. Whiskey Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER-In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the