Maternity Ch. 1 exam |21 questions with verified correct answers .

The nurse is speaking to students about changes in maternal-newborn care. One change is that self-care has gained wide acceptance with clients and the healthcare community due to research findings that suggest that it has which effect? A) Shortens newborn length of stay B) Decreases use of home health agencies C) Decreases healthcare costs D) Decreases the number of emergency department visits Answer: C Explanation: A) Length of stay is often determined by third-party payer (insurance company) policies as well as the physiologic stability of the mother and newborn. Home healthcare agencies often are involved in client care to decrease hospital stay time. B) Home healthcare agencies often are involved in client care to decrease hospital stay time. C) Research indicates that self-care significantly decreases healthcare costs. D) Acute emergencies are addressed by emergency departments, and are not delayed by those practicing self-care. Care delivered by nurse-midwives can be safe and effective and can represent a positive response to the healthcare provider shortage. Nurse-midwives tend to use less technology, which often results in which of the following? A) There is less trauma to the mother. B) More childbirth education classes are available. C) They are instrumental in providing change in the birth environment at work. D) They advocate for more home healthcare agencies. Answer: A Explanation: A) Nurse-midwife models of care can be one way to ensure that mothers receive excellent prenatal and intrapartum care. B) It is appropriate for nurse-midwives, in conjunction with doctors and hospitals, to provide childbirth classes for expectant families. C) By working with other staff members and doctors, the nurse-midwife is able to implement changes as needed within the birthing unit. D) Clients are increasingly going home sooner, so there needs to be more follow-up in the home. The nurse is telling a new client how advanced technology has permitted the physician to do which of the following? A) Treat the fetus and monitor fetal development. B) Deliver at home with a nurse-midwife and doula. C) Have the father act as the coach and cut the umbilical cord. Breastfeed a new baby on the delivery table. Answer: A Explanation: A) The fetus is increasingly viewed as a patient separate from the mother, although treatment of the fetus necessarily involves the mother. B) A nurse-midwife and a doula are not examples of technological care. C) Fathers being present during labor and coaching their partners represents nontechnological care during childbirth. D) Breastfeeding is not an example of technology impacting care. A nurse is examining different nursing roles. Which example best illustrates an advanced practice nursing role? A) A registered nurse who is the manager of a large obstetrical unit B) A registered nurse who is the circulating nurse during surgical deliveries (cesarean sections) C) A clinical nurse specialist working as a staff nurse on a mother-baby unit D) A clinical nurse specialist with whom other nurses consult for her expertise in caring for high-risk infants Answer: D Explanation: A) A registered nurse who is the manager of a large obstetrical unit is a professional nurse who has graduated from an accredited program in nursing and completed the licensure examination. B) A registered nurse who is a circulating nurse at surgical deliveries (cesarean sections) is a professional nurse who has graduated from an accredited program in nursing and completed the licensure examination. C) A clinical nurse specialist working as a staff nurse on a mother-baby unit might have the qualifications for an advanced practice nursing staff member but is not working in that capacity. A clinical nurse specialist with whom other nurses consult for expertise in caring for high-risk infants is working in an advanced practice nursing role. This nurse has specialized knowledge and competence in a specific clinical area, and is master's prepared A nursing student investigating potential career goals is strongly considering becoming a nurse practitioner (N P). The major focus of the N P is on which of the following? A) Leadership B) Physical and psychosocial clinical assessment C) Independent care of the high-risk pregnant client D) Tertiary prevention Answer: B Explanation: A) Leadership might be a quality of the N P, but it is not the major focus. B) Physical and psychosocial clinical assessment is the major focus of the N P. C) N P s cannot provide independent care of the high-risk pregnant client, but must work under a physician's supervision. The NP cannot do tertiary prevention as a major focus The nurse manager is consulting with a certified nurse-midwife about a client. What is the role of the C N M? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. A) Be prepared to manage independently the care of women at low risk for complications during pregnancy and birth. B) Give primary care for high-risk clients who are in hospital settings. C) Give primary care for healthy newborns. D) Obtain a physician consultation for any technical procedures at delivery. E) Be educated in two disciplines of nursing. Answer: A, C, E Explanation: A) A C N M is prepared to manage independently the care of women at low risk for complications during pregnancy and birth and the care of healthy newborns. B) CNMs cannot give primary care for high-risk clients who are in hospital settings. The physician provides the primary care. C) A C N M is prepared to manage independently the care of women at low risk for complications during pregnancy and birth and the care of healthy newborns. D) The C N M does not need to obtain a physician consultation for any technical procedures at delivery. E) The C N M is educated in the disciplines of nursing and midwifery. The registered nurse who has completed a master's degree program and passed a national certification exam has clinic appointments with clients who are pregnant or seeking well-woman care. What is the role of this nurse considered to be? A) Professional nurse B) Certified registered nurse (R N C) C) Clinical nurse specialist D) Nurse practitioner Answer: D Explanation: A) A professional nurse is one who has completed an accredited basic educational program and has passed the N C L E X-R N® exam. B) A certified registered nurse (R N C) has shown expertise in the field and has taken a national certification exam. C) A clinical nurse specialist has completed a master's degree program, has specialized knowledge and competence in a specific clinical area, and often is employed in hospitals on specialized units. D) A nurse practitioner has completed either a master's or doctoral degree in nursing and passed a certification exam, and functions as an advanced practice nurse. Ambulatory care settings and the community are common sites for nurse practitioners to provide client care. While a child is being admitting to the hospital, the parent receives information about the pediatric unit's goals, including the statement that the unit practices family-centered care. The parent asks why that is important. The nurse responds that what communication dynamic is characteristic of the family-centered care paradigm? A) The mother is the principal caregiver in each family. B) The child's physician is the key person in ensuring that the health of a child is maintained. C) The family serves as the constant influence and continuing support in the child's life. D) The father is the leader in each home; thus, all communications should include him. Answer: C Explanation: A) Culturally competent care recognizes that both matriarchal and patriarchal households exist. B) The physician is not present during the day-to-day routines in a child's life. C) Family-centered care is characterized by an emphasis on the family and family involvement throughout the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period. D) Culturally competent care recognizes that both matriarchal and patriarchal households exist. The current emphasis on federal healthcare reform has yielded what unexpected benefit? A) Assessment of the details of the family's income and expenditures B) Case management to limit costly, unnecessary duplication of services C) Many healthcare providers and consumers are becoming more aware of the vitally important role nurses play in providing excellent care to clients and families D) Education of the family about the need for keeping regular well-child visit appointments Answer: C Explanation: A) Financial assessment is more commonly the function of a social worker. The social worker is part of the interdisciplinary team working with clients, and this professional's expertise is helping clients get into the appropriate programs. B) The case management activity mentioned will not provide a source of funding. C) Nurses must clearly articulate their role in the changing environment to define and differentiate practice roles and the educational preparation required for their new roles. D) The education of the family will not provide a source of funding. For prenatal care, the client is attending a clinic held in a church basement. The client's care is provided by registered nurses and a certified nurse-midwife. What is this type of prenatal care? A) Secondary care B) Tertiary care C) Community care D) Unnecessarily costly care Answer: C Explanation: A) Secondary care is specialized care; an example is checking the hemoglobin A1C of a diabetic client at an endocrine clinic. B) Tertiary care is very specialized, and includes trauma units and neonatal intensive care units. C) Prenatal care is primary care. Community care is often provided at clinics in neighborhoods to facilitate clients' access to primary care, including prenatal care and prevention of illness. D) Community care decreases costs while improving client outcomes, and is not unnecessarily expensive. The nurse at an elementary school is performing T B screenings on all of the students. Permission slips were returned for all but the children of one family. When the nurse phones to obtain permission, the parent states in clearly understandable English that permission cannot be given because the grandmother is out of town for 2 more weeks. Which cultural element is contributing to the dilemma that faces the nurse? A) Permissible physical contact with strangers B) Beliefs about the concepts of health and illness C) Religion and social beliefs D) Presence and influence of the extended family Answer: D Explanation: A) The situation the nurse faces is not being caused by permissible contact with strangers. B) The situation the nurse faces is not caused by beliefs about the concepts of health and illness. C) The situation the nurse faces is not caused by religion and social beliefs. D) The presence and influence of the extended family is contributing to the situation the nurse faces. In many cultures, a family elder is the primary decision maker when it comes to health care. In this case, the parent cannot grant permission to the nurse until the parent consults the grandmother. A maternity client is in need of surgery. Which healthcare member is legally responsible for obtaining informed consent for an invasive procedure? A) The nurse B) The physician C) The unit secretary D) The social worker Answer: B Explanation: A) It is not the nurse's legal responsibility to obtain informed consent. B) Informed consent is a legal concept designed to allow clients to make intelligent decisions regarding their own health care. Informed consent means that a client, or a legally designated decision maker, has granted permission for a specific treatment or procedure based on full information about that specific treatment or procedure as it relates to that client under the specific circumstances of the permission. The individual who is ultimately responsible for the treatment or procedure should provide the information necessary to obtain informed consent. In most instances, this is a physician. C) Unit secretaries are not responsible for obtaining informed consent. D) It is not within a social worker's scope of practice to obtain informed consent. A nurse who tells family members the sex of a newborn baby without first consulting the parents would have committed which of the following? A) A breach of privacy B) Negligence C) Malpractice D) A breach of ethics Answer: A Explanation: A) A breach of privacy would have been committed in this situation, because informing other family members of the child's sex without the parents' consent violates the parents' right to privacy. The right to privacy is the right of a person to keep his person and property free from public scrutiny (or even from other family members). B) Negligence is a punishable legal offense, and is more serious. C) Malpractice is a punishable legal offense, and is more serious. D) No breach of ethics has been committed in this situation. The nursing instructor explains to the class that according to the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, abortion is legal if induced: A) Before the 30th week of pregnancy. B) Before the period of viability. C) To provide tissue for therapeutic research. Can be done any time if mother, doctor, and hospital all agree Answer: B Explanation: A) This statement is not true, because the fetus is viable many weeks before the 30th week. B) Abortion can be performed legally until the period of viability. C) Abortion cannot be used for the sole purpose of providing tissue for therapeutic research. D) This is not true. Legal abortion can be done only up until the time of viability. The nurse reviewing charts for quality improvement notes that a client experienced a complication during labor. The nurse is uncertain whether the labor nurse took the appropriate action during the situation. What is the best way for the nurse to determine what the appropriate action should have been? A) Call the nurse manager of the labor and delivery unit and ask what the nurse should have done. B) Ask the departmental chair of the obstetrical physicians what the best nursing action would have been. C) Examine other charts to find cases of the same complication, and determine how it was handled in those situations. D) Look in the policy and procedure book, and examine the practice guidelines published by a professional nursing organization. Answer: D Explanation: A) The nurse should find the standards, and not rely on another person to determine appropriateness of care. B) Physician care and nursing care are very different; physicians might not be up to date on nursing standards of care or nursing policies and procedures. C) What nursing action was undertaken in a different situation might not be based on the policies and procedures or other standards of care. The quality improvement nurse will obtain the most accurate information by examining the policies, procedures, and standards of care. Agency policies, procedures, and protocols contain guidelines for nursing action in specific situations. Professional organizations such as the Association of Women's Health, Obstetrical, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) also publish standards of practice that should guide nursing care The nurse is reviewing care of clients on a mother-baby unit. Which situation should be reported to the supervisor? A) A 2-day-old infant has breastfed every 2-3 hours and voided four times. B) An infant was placed in the wrong crib after examination by the physician. C) The client who delivered by cesarean birth yesterday received oral narcotics. A primiparous client who delivered today is requesting discharge within 24 hours Answer: B Explanation: A) Breastfeeding every 2 hours and voiding four times is within normal limits for a 2-day-old infant. There is no negligence in this situation. B) Placing an infant in the wrong crib is malpractice. Malpractice is negligent action by a professional person. C) Receiving oral narcotics at this point in the client's stay is within normal limits. There is no negligence in this situation. D) If the client is feeling well and able to care for her infant, it is normal to be discharged at this time. The mother and baby both must be within normal limits to be discharged. The nurse manager is planning a presentation on ethical issues in caring for childbearing families. Which example should the nurse manager include to illustrate maternal-fetal conflict? A) A client chooses an abortion after her fetus is diagnosed with a genetic anomaly. B) A 39-year-old nulliparous client undergoes therapeutic insemination. C) A family of a child with leukemia requests cord-blood banking at a sibling's birth. A cesarean delivery of a breech fetus is court ordered after the client refuses Answer: D Explanation: A) Abortion is a different type of ethical situation. B) Achieving pregnancy through the use of therapeutic insemination is a form of reproductive assistance, and is not considered a maternal-fetal conflict. C) Cord-blood banking is a different type of ethical situation. D) Maternal-fetal conflict is a special ethical situation where the rights of the fetus and the rights of the mother are considered separately. Forced cesarean birth, coercion of mothers who practice high-risk behaviors, and, perhaps most controversial, mandating experimental in utero therapy or surgery in an attempt to correct a specific birth defect are interventions that infringe on the mother's autonomy. Client safety goals, which are evaluated and updated regularly, are requirements for what? A) Clinical practice guidelines B) Scope of practice C) Accreditation D) Standards of care Answer: C Explanation: A) Clinical practice guidelines are adopted within a healthcare setting to reduce variation in care management, to limit costs of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of care. B) State nurse practice acts protect the public by broadly defining the legal scope of practice within which every nurse must function and by excluding untrained or unlicensed individuals from practicing nursing. C) The Joint Commission has identified client safety as an important responsibility of healthcare providers. D) Standards of care establish minimum criteria for competent, proficient delivery of nursing care. A fetus has been diagnosed with myelomeningocele. Which of the following surgeries would be performed to correct this condition? A) Tubal ligation B) Intrauterine fetal surgery C) Cesarean section D) Sterilization Answer: B Explanation: A) Tubal ligation is not an intrauterine fetal surgery. B) Intrauterine fetal surgery, which is generally considered experimental, is a therapy for anatomic lesions that can be corrected surgically and are incompatible with life if not treated. Examples include surgery for myelomeningocele and some congenital cardiac defects. C) A cesarean birth is not considered an intrauterine fetal surgery. D) Sterilization surgery does not involve the fetus. A nurse is providing guidance to a group of parents of children in the infant-to-preschool age group. After reviewing statistics on the most common cause of death in this age group, the nurse includes information about prevention of which of the following? A) Cancer by reducing the use of pesticides in the home B) Accidental injury by reducing the risk of pool and traffic accidents C) Heart disease by incorporating heart-healthy foods into the child's diet D) Pneumonia by providing a diet high in vitamin C from fruits and vegetables Answer: B Explanation: A) Cancer due to pesticide use is not a large cause of death in this age group. B) Unintentional injuries cause death in infants more often than cancer, heart disease, and pneumonia. C) Heart disease is not a large cause of death in this age group. Pneumonia does not cause a large number of deaths The nurse is preparing a report on the number of births by three service providers at the facility (certified nurse-midwives, family practitioners, and obstetricians). What is this an example of? A) Inferential statistics B) Descriptive statistics C) Evidence-based practice D) Secondary use of data Answer: B Explanation: A) Inferential statistics allow the investigator to draw conclusions from data to either support or refute causation. B) Descriptive statistics concisely describe phenomena such as births by providers. C) Evidence-based practice is the use of research conclusions to improve nursing care. D) Secondary use of data is analyzing data in a different way than was originally undertaken, or looking at different variables from a data set.