Women's Health: Exam 1 :Chapter 1 exam |53 questions and answers.

Maternity nursing encompasses the care of? childbearing women and their families through all stages of pregnancy and childbirth and the first 4 weeks after birth Women's health care focuses on the? physical, psychological, and social needs of women throughout their lives Challenges in WHN? Lack of access to PNC, lack of reproductive health services for adolescents, STI's, health care disparities, culturally sensitive care Disparities found amongst AA, NA, Hispanics, Alaska Natives, A/P islanders compared with caucasians? Shorter life expectancy, higher infant and maternal mortality rates, more birth defects, and more STI's Disparities result from? a complex interaction among biological factors, environment, and health behaviors In 2011, the USDHHS released the? HHS Disparities Action Plan HHS Disparities action plan provides? a vision of a nation free of disparities in health and health care Healthy People provides? science-based 10 year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans Healthy People 2020 Four Goals? 1.) attaining high quality, longer lives free of preventable dz., disability, injury, and premature death 2.) Achieving health equity, eliminating disparities, and improving health of all groups 3.) Creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all 4.) Promoting quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages Healthy People 2020 Objectives regarding maternal, infant, and child health: 1.) reduce the rate of fetal and infant deaths 2.) reduce to the rate of maternal mortality 3.) reduce preterm births 4.) reduce cesarean births among low risk women UN Millenium Goals are? eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the main development challenges in the world Interprofessional education consists of? faculty and students from two or more health professions who create and foster a collaborative learning environment; client care will improve when health professionals work together Info regarding health and health care is readily available on? internet A leading cause of US and result in as many 98k deaths a year? medical errors The most significant barrier to healthcare? inability to pay 2010, Obama signed into the law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), which? aims to make insurance affordable, contain costs, strengthen and improve medicare and medicaid, and reform the insurance market AWHONN advocated successfully for the? inclusion in the ACA of contraceptive methods, services, and counseling, without any out-of-pocket costs to clients; mammograms, well-woman visits, and screening for gestational diabetes, and providing breastfeeding equipment and counseling for pregnant women, Health literacy? ability to read an appointment slip to interpreting medication instructions eHealth literacy? go to internet for diagnosis Regarding health literacy, Nurse should? use simple, common words, avoid jargon, and assess if client understands discussion. Speak slowly and clearly and focus on what is important Birth rate? number of live births in 1 year per 1000 population Fertility rate? Number of births per 1000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 years (calculated yearly) Infant mortality rate? number of deaths of infants younger than 1 year of age per 1000 live births Neonatal mortality rate? Number of deaths of infants younger than 28 days of age per 1000 live births Perinatal mortality rate? Number of stillbirths and number of neonatal deaths per 1000 live births The risks of morbidity and mortality increase for newborns who? weigh less than 2500g (LBW) Basic care is provided by? obstetricians, family physicians, CNMW, & other advanced practice clinicians approved by the local governance Specialty care is provided by? obstetricians who must provide fetal diagnostic testing and management of obstetric and medical complications in addition to basic care Subspecialty care is provided by? maternal-fetal medicine specialists and reproductive geneticists and includes the aforementioned in addition to genetic testing, advanced fetal therapies, and management of severe maternal and fetal complications The two most frequently reported maternal medical risk factors are? HTN and diabetes Women who choose nurse-midwives as their primary providers participate more? actively in childbirth decisions, receive fewer interventions during labor, and are less likely to give birth prematurely Discharge of mother and baby within 24 hours of birth has created a growing need for? follow-up or home care Major international concerns? Access to prenatal care and family planning education, care for women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage, obstructed labors with no access to hospital care or operative birth, fistulas due to obstructed labors, and HIV-positive parents are major international concerns Two concerns that nurses in the US and Canada might encounter are? female genital mutilation and human trafficking Leading cause of death of women followed closely by malignant neoplasms including breast cancer? Heart Dz Evidence Based Practice? providing care based on evidence gained through research and clinical trials NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification) includes comprehensive standardized language that describes interventions that are performed by a generalist or specialized nurse Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database up-to-date, systematic reviews of randomized controlled, controlled trials of health care and disseminates these reviews Joanna Briggs Institute: provides another source for perinatal nurses to access information to support EBP Outcomes Oriented Practice? measures effectiveness of care against BENCHMARK OR STANDARDS; Did the client benefit or not benefit from the care provided? Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) an example of an outcomes system important for nursing Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) is an effort to identify outcomes and related measures that can be used for evaluation of care of individuals, families, and communities across the care contiuum standard of care? that level of practice that a reasonably prudent nurse would provide in the same or similar circumstances Risk management is an evolving process that? identifies risks, establishes preventive practices, develops reporting mechanisms, and delineates procedures for managing lawsuits Effective risk management? minimizes the risk of injury to clients and the number of lawsuits against nurses Sentinel event? an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical injury, or risk thereof These events are called sentinel because? they signal a need for an immediate investigation and response Failure to rescue? the failure to recognize or act on early signs of distress