Graded A+ Infection Prevention and Control Questions with Correct Answers for

What is infection? - Answer-Infection is the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease. Entry and multiplication of organism result in disease. Colonization occurs when a microorganism invades but does not cause infection Symptomatic - Answer-if pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms of infection Asymptomatic - Answer-clinical signs and symptoms of infection are not present. Communicable disease - Answer-the infectious process transmitted from one person to another. Contagious Disease - Answer-a communicable disease easily spread from one individual to another. Noncommunicable disease - Answer-disease that is not transmitted from one individual to another The Four stages of Infection - Answer-1. Incubation 2. Prodromal: hours to days, contagious and able to spread disease 3. Illness Stage: sand s are lingering but not prominent, depends on intensity of disease 4.Convalescence Defenses against Infection - Answer-1. Normal Floras: Microorganisms that reside on the surface of many body systems/ help the body resist infection by releasing antibacterial substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogens 2. Body System Defense: organs 3. Inflammation: Vascular and cellular responses, Exudates, tissue repair Chain of infection - Answer-Infectious agent or pathogen Reservoir or source for pathogen growth Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host Health Care Associated Infections - Answer-Results from delivery of health services in a health care facility - about 1 in 25 patients has a infection related to their hospital care Patients at greater risk for health-care associated infections (HAIs) Multiple/chronic illnesses Older adults Poorly nourished Lowered resistance to infection Increased exposure Invasive procedures Iatrogenic Infection - Answer-result from a diagnostic procedure Exogenous infection - Answer-comes from microorganisms outside the individuals Endogenous Infection - Answer-occurs when part of the client's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs. Risk factors for HAI - Answer-Number of health care employees with direct contact with the patient Types and numbers of invasive procedures Therapy received Length of hospitalization Major sites for HAI infection - Answer-Surgical or traumatic wounds Urinary and respiratory tracts (CAUTI) Bloodstream (CLABSI) (VAP/VAE) Costridium Difficile (C-DIFF) Antimicrobial Resistance Strategies to prevent HAI - Answer-Hand Hygiene compliance - Reduction of patient device use - Patient notification, education and documentation - Appropriate isolation for patients - Infection Preventions Bundles - Environmental cleaning/disinfection -Vaccination programs Nurses role in infection control - Answer-Perform hand hygiene Stay healthy TB screening and current vaccinations Screen visitors for signs/symptoms of contagious diseases Hand Hygiene: how and when - Answer-most important technique as preventative transmission of infection Wet hands, soap, scrub, rinse, towel dry, turn off taps with towel. Before touching patient, before a procedure, after exposure risk, after touching patient, after touching patient surroundings Factors that influence infection prevention and control - Answer-Age Nutritional status stress Disease Process Treatment and conditions that compromise the immune response Nursing Assessment for Infection Control - Answer-Review a thorough history: Review of systems Travel history Immunization status Risk for Infection (Elderly) Clinical Appearance: signs and symptoms of infection Laboratory Data Subjective Data Patient Susceptibility Status of Defense Mechanisms Local infection - Answer-Fever Heat Pain Pus Redness/infl