EMT Chapter 6 AAOS Eleventh Edition |214 questions fully solved & updated .

abdomen The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis. acetabulum The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly. Adam's apple A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx. It is more prominent in men than women. Also called the thyroid cartilage. adenosine triphosphate The nucleotide involved in energy metabolism; used to store energy. adrenal glands Endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. adrenergic Pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine. aerobic metabolism Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen. agonal gasps Abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients with cardiac arrest. alpha-adrenergic receptors Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels. alveoli The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. anaerobic metabolism The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid. anatomic postition The position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands facing forward. aorta The main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body. appendicular skeleton The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle. appendix A small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. arterioles The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries. articular cartilage A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints. atrium One of the two upper chambers of the heart. autonomic nervous system The part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily. axial skeleton The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage. ball-and-socket joint A joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending. beta-adrenergic receptors Portion of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation. biceps The large muscle that covers the front of the humerus. bile ducts The ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. blood pressure The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them. brachial artery The major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm. brain The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reaction to the environment, emotional responses, and judgement. brain stem The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration. capillary vessels The tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between body tissues and the blood. cardiac muscle The heart muscle. cardiac output A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate. carotid artery The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain. cartilage The smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure of the skeletal system and provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear. cecum The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens. central nervous system The brain and spinal cord. cerebellum One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements. cerebrospinal fluid Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges. cerebrum The largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality. cervical spine The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck. chordae tendineae Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting. chyme The substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all of the eaten foods with added stomach acids. circulatory system The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body. clavicle The collar bone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula. coccyx The last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tail bone. coronal plane An imaginary line where the body is divided into front and back parts. cranium The area of the head above the ears and eyes; the skull. The cranium contains the brain. cricoid cartilage A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.