EMT Chapter 10 Airway Management AAOS 11E |64 questions with 100% correct answers

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? Bronchus The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: ventilation. Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate. Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called: Cheyne-Stokes respirations. In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: 300 mm Hg. Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: nonrebreathing mask. What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? 55% Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: seal the mouth and nose. / During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: // a lower airway obstruction. A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Carbon monoxide poisoning / The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: // epiglottis. Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT: the epiglottis. Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum. Esophagus Inhalation occurs when the: diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract. phrenic The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg. 104, 40 Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult? Shallow breathing In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. The hypoxic drive is influenced by: low blood oxygen levels. Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? Cyanosis Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation. The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: external respiration. Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: adequate amounts of surfactant. Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood. The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: carbon dioxide. Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state. An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: requires CPR. To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: corner of the mouth to the earlobe. A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare. The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is: hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts. Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes: suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx. A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen? Muscle The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). 2,000