EMT AAOS Chapter 11 Pharmacology |49 questions and answers

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it: A. may cause harm or have no positive effect. B. produces actions other than the desired ones. C. is used to treat a multitude of conditions. D. is used to treat a specific medical condition. A. may cause harm or have no positive effect. Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that: A. significantly slows the process of digestion. B. binds to any chemicals that are in the stomach. C. facilitates movement through the digestive system. D. disguises the unpleasant taste of the activated charcoal. c. facilitates movement through the digestive system. Your patient is complaining of chest pain. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You have applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His BP is 88/64, pulse is 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include. A. Asprin B. Nitroglycerin C. albuterol MDI D. epinephrine A. aspirin You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should: A. administer the drug. B. contact medical control. C. ask her if she takes other medications. D. request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug. B. contact medical control EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient: overdosed on an opioid drug. A medication with antagonistic properties is one that: A. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them. B. produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication. C. stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them. D. enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose. A. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them. You are attending to a 24-year old male asthmatic complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing. There are several by standers in a crowded room. The patient tells you that he would have taken his own albuterol but he was so embarrassed and upset that he could not hold his MDI steady. In helping the patient to self administer his medication in accordance with local protocols you are: performing patient-assisted medication administration. Generally, parenteral medications are more commonly used in the emergency setting as opposed to enteral medications. The characteristic that separates the two routes with respect to administration in the emergency setting is: A. Enteral medications are often liquid and can be administered using syringes and needles. B. Enteral routes offer a more predictable and measurable response. C. Parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral. E. Parenteral medications tend to have fewer side effects. C. parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral. With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. 44% Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer: a half dose into each nostril. Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? Intravenous (IV) You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is: A. 22 g. B. 44 g. C. 11 g. D. 36 g. B. 44 g. The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. A. type B. form C. class D. name B. Form You are attending to a 52-year old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to: search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking. You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to: continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused. a 49-year-old-male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should: A. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control. B. obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin. C. place him in a supine position and transport at once. D. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours. D. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours. Which of the following is an example of a trade name of a drug. A. Tylenol B. Ibuprofen C. Furosemide F. Nitroglycerin A. Tylenol Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: A. directly into the muscle tissue. B. between the skin and the muscle. C. below the first layer of muscle. D. through the mucosa under the tongue. B. between the skin and the muscle. You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of: standing orders After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): A)side effect. B)untoward effect. C)therapeutic effect. D)unpredictable effect. A. Side effect Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: A. prevents the aggregation of platelets. B. dissolves the coronary artery clot. C. causes direct coronary vasodilation. D. reduces the associated chest pain. A. prevents the aggregation of platelets. You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should: A. contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin. B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given. C. assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerin, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort. D. ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg since aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.