EMT Final Exam| 227 questions with 100% correct answers(verified for accuracy).

In ________, the placenta separates prematurely from the wall of the uterus. Abruptio placenta TRUE or FALSE. Labor is usually longer in a multigravida and shorter in a primigravida. false - Labor is usually longer in a primigravida, a woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy, and shorter in a multigravida, a woman who has experienced previous pregnancies TRUE or FALSE. Lightening occurs when the head of the fetus descends into the woman's pelvis as the fetus positions for delivery. true TRUE or FALSE. Meconium in the amniotic fluid may result in respiratory distress or an airway obstruction in the newborn. true TRUE or FALSE. The risk of perineal tearing during labor can be reduced by applying gentle pressure across the perineum with a sterile gauze pad. true In which of the following instances should you insert your fingers into the pregnant patient's vagina? 1. In a breech birth 2. Prolapse of the umbilical cord Which of the following is a normal change in pregnancy? Increased respiratory rates and decreased minute volumes When transporting a pregnant patient in her third trimester, how should you position her? On her left side can prevent supine hypotensive syndrome When does the onset of labor begin? When uterine contractions begin (labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated) If amniotic fluid is green, what does this signify? The presence of meconium As you are delivering the head during birth, you observe the umbilical cord is wrapped once around the neck. What should you do? Try to slip the cord gently over the head What would the Apgar score be for a newborn whose body is pink but whose hands and feet are cyanotic, has a pulse rate of 98 bpm, cries but does not recoil from stimulus, resists attempts to straighten hips and knees, and has slow respirations? 6 If a newborn's heart rate is 75 bpm, what should you do? Begin assisted ventilation with a BVM and room air. (If the newborn's heart rate falls between 60 and 100 bpm, you should begin assisted ventilation with a BVM and room air) What is a primary characteristic of eclampsia? Seizures Which of the following is a sign that delivery is imminent? Crowning The answer to which of the following questions will help you determine whether delivery for this patient is imminent? Is this your first baby? (first pregnancies tend to have longer labor) Which of the following are true about the pediatric airway? 1. Children have a funnel-shaped upper airway. 2. Pediatric airway is smaller in diameter and shorter in length 3. smaller lungs mean that the oxygen reserves are smaller ________ is/are the recommended way to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious child. Chest compressions A ________ provides 24% to 44% oxygen concentration. Nasal cannula TRUE or FALSE. The postictal state begins once a seizure has stopped; the patient's muscles relax, becoming almost flaccid, and the breathing becomes labored. true TRUE or FALSE. Fever and altered LOC are common symptoms of meningitis in patients of all ages. true TRUE or FALSE. Use activated charcoal for pediatric patients who have ingested an acid, an alkali, or a petroleum product. false - The use of activated charcoal is NOT indicated for pediatric patients who have ingested an acid, an alkali, or a petroleum product aaaaaaaaaaaaTRUE or FALSE. The most common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is sweating. false - the most common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is vomiting and diarrhea aaaaaaaaaaYoung children are more likely to experience ________ than adults. greenstick fractures aaaaaWith which age group should you talk to the child, not just the parent, while taking the medical history? School-age School-age children (6-12 years) begin to act more like adults. Including them in the history-taking conversation helps build trust. aaaaaaaaaaaaaWhich of the following is true about a child's breathing? Because less air is exchanged with each breath, detection of poor air movement or complete absence of breath sounds can be difficult. What does the PAT assess? Appearance, work of breathing, circulation aaaaaaaaaaaaWhat should you use the Wong-Baker FACES scale to determine? pain level What does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause? Bronchiolitis You are assessing a 6-year-old boy who has a fever of 102 and is showing signs of altered LOC. He is complaining of pain when he tries to turn his head. What condition should you suspect? Meningitis In a normal adult, greater than 30% to 40% of blood volume loss significantly increases the risk of shock. What is the threshold of blood volume loss in children? 25% You are using JumpSTART in a triage situation involving several children. How would you rate a patient who is breathing spontaneously, has a peripheral pulse, and is appropriately responsive to painful stimuli? yellow tag aaaaaYou are responding to a 9-1-1 call where the mother reported finding her 3-month-old daughter cyanotic and unresponsive in her crib. When you stimulate the child, she responds. This is an example of what condition? Apparent life-threatening event aaaaaaaIf a pediatric patient begins seizing again during your care, which of the following would be your treatment priority? Securing and clearing the airway Venous stasis in an older patient creates problems such as superficial phlebitis and ________. deep vein thrombosis TRUE or FALSE. Delirium is the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. false - Dementia is the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. Delirium is a sudden change in mental status, consciousness, or cognitive processes, and is marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention. TRUE or FALSE. Autonomic nerve neuropathy affects involuntary functions such as blood pressure and heart rate, constipation, and bladder and sexual dysfunction. true aaaaaaaaaaTRUE or FALSE. Function of the small and large bowel changes significantly as a consequence of aging. false - Function of the small and large bowel changes little as a consequence of aging, although the incidence of certain diseases involving the bowel (such as diverticulosis) increases as a person grows older TRUE or FALSE. A geriatric patient with cholecystitis generally presents with left lower quadrant pain and fever. false - A geriatric patient with diverticulitis generally presents with left lower quadrant pain and fever. Patients with inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) will have fever and right upper quadrant pain that may radiate to the shoulder. Which of the following statements are true about hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)? 1. The signs and symptoms of HHNS and DKA often overlap. 2. Blood glucose levels are typically 600 mg/dL or higher. TRUE or FALSE. Nearly half of fatal falls in geriatric patients result in traumatic brain injury. true TRUE or FALSE. Forcing an older patient who is short of breath into a supine position may result in respiratory distress or failure. true TRUE or FALSE. The respiratory rate in an older patient is faster than that of a younger adult. false - The respiratory rate should be in the same range as in a younger adult, but chest rise will be compromised by increased chest wall stiffness TRUE or FALSE. You should remove the patient's dentures when assessing the airway. false - Dentures should not be removed unless they obstruct the airway or interfere with ventilation when rescue breathing is needed Although more typically seen in children, ________ can also cause serious illness in older people, especially those with lung disease or weakened immune systems. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) aaaaaaaaaaaaWhich interview technique should you use when addressing a geriatric patient? Listen carefully to the answers the patient provides. You are assessing an 80-year-old patient who explains that he was awakened by a sudden feeling of suffocation and respiratory distress. What are his symptoms a characteristic of? Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a condition that is characterized by a sudden attack of respiratory distress that wakes the person at night when the patient is in a reclining position. The respiratory distress is caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs. aaaaaaaaaaaaaaWhich of the following is a nonpreventable factor in stroke? Age In arteriosclerosis, overproduction of abnormal collagen and decreased quantities of elastin lead to what? Decreased coronary artery perfusion Which of the following is true regarding delirium? Memory remains intact. You are working on a geriatric patient who reports severe abdominal pain radiating through her back and flank. She also reports discomfort in her right leg and your assessment reveals a diminished pulse in the extremity. What should you suspect? Abdominal aortic aneurysm aaaaaaaaWhich of the following groups are most likely to commit suicide? White males older than 85 years Which of the following would be part of the "S" component of the GEMS diamond? Activities of daily living G = geriatric E = environment (are there drug bottles lying around?) M = medical assessment S = patient's activity such as being able to eat/bathe/social network On auscultation of a patient's lungs, you hear crackles. These lung sounds are caused by air passing through what? Fluid in the alveoli Which of the following questions should you ask if you suspect a patient may have congestive heart failure? "How many pillows do you sleep on?" The need to sleep on several pillows suggests early congestive heart failure. ________ is a developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction. autism TRUE or FALSE. Patients with spina bifida may also have hydrocephalus (what's this), requiring a shunt. true Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. TRUE or FALSE. If the length of a tracheostomy tube cannot be determined, insert the suction device 3-4 inches deep. false - If the length of a tracheostomy tube cannot be determined, insert the suction device no more than 1 to 2 inches (3 to 6 cm) deep aaaaaaaaaTRUE or FALSE. An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the urethra and the surface of the body. false - An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the small intestine and the surface of the body TRUE or FALSE. Patients who have a gastric tube in place may still be at increased risk of aspiration. true