NU 335 Maternity Chapter 17 Pregnancy At Risk: Pregestational Problems With Complete And Verified Solutions

NU 335 Maternity Chapter 17 Pregnancy At Risk: Pregestational Problems With Complete And Verified Solutions What is the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus? Correct Answer Endocrine disorder of carbohydrate metabolism -results from inadequate production or utilization of insulin -cellular and extracellular dehydration -body cells depleted -breakdown of fat and proteins for energy What are the 4 cardinal signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? Correct Answer 1. Polyuria 2. Polydipsia 3. Polyphagia 4. Weight loss What are the 3 types of Diabetes Mellitus and how are each classified? Correct Answer 1. Type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM) -obtained at birth 2. Type II DM -obtained later in life 3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) -glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy What are the profound changes in CHO, protein, and fat metabolism in pregnancy mediate by? Correct Answer 1. Developing fetus 2. Production of placental hormones How is glucose metabolism affected during the first half of pregnancy? Correct Answer Anabolic phase -increasing maternal hormones increase the demand for insulin production to facilitate increased storage of glycogen in maternal tissue How is glucose metabolism affected during the second half of pregnancy? Correct Answer Catabolic phase -hPl from the placenta causes resistance to the action of maternal insulin -this increases circulating glucose for fetal use and increases demand on the maternal pancreas to produce more insulin -leads to altered CHO metbolism and progressive hyperglycemia (in those who can't meet increasing demands of insulin production) -ketones in urine as a result of lipolysis What is the influence of pregnancy on diabetes? Correct Answer 1. Physiologic changes of pregnancy alter insulin requirements