Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 2 questions and answers 100% verified.

Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 2 questions and answers 100% verified. elements - correct ance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken into simpler constituents by chemical means compounds - correct cal combination of two or more elements atoms - correct est particle of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element; particles that combine to form molecules subatomic particles - correct cles that make up atoms; neutrons, protons, electrons nucleus - correct , central core of an atom protons - correct ively charged subatomic particle neutrons - correct al subatomic particle electrons - correct , negatively charged subatomic particle atomic number - correct r of protons in an atom of an element mass number (atomic mass) - correct r of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of an element energy level - correct ed region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons; shell octet rule - correct with fewer or more than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability inert - correct e element; maximum amount of electrons in outer shell atomic weight - correct ge atomic mass of an atom of an element as it is found in nature; atomic weights are usually found in the periodic table of elements radioisotope - correct ble isotope that undergoes nuclear breakdown and emits nuclear particles and radiation decay - correct on of nuclear particles and radiation chemical reaction - correct action between two or more atoms that occurs as a result of activity between electrons in their outermost energy levels molecules - correct or more atoms covalently joined together chemical bonds - correct y relationship joining two or more atoms; involves sharing or exchange of electrons ions - correct rically charged atom or group of atoms ionic bond (electrovalent bond) - correct d by transfer of electrons; strong electrostatic force that binds positively and negatively charged ions together covalent bond - correct d by sharing of electron pairs between atoms single covalent bond - correct ent bond with only one pair of shared electrons double covalent bond - correct ent bond with two pairs of shared electrons hydrogen bond - correct chemical bond that occurs between the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a nitrogen or oxygen atom and the partial negative charge of another polar molecule polar molecule - correct ule in which the electrical charge is not evenly distributed, causing one side of the molecule to be more positive or negative than the other synthesis reaction - correct ning of two or more substances to form a more complex substance A + B - AB decomposition reaction - correct ing down of a substance into two or more simpler substances AB - A + B exchange reaction - correct position of two substances and, in exchange, synthesis of two new compounds AB + CD - AD + BC reversible reaction - correct in both directions A + B = AB metabolism - correct of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells catabolism - correct cal reactions that break down complex compounds into simpler ones and release energy anabolism - correct cal reactionns that join simple molecules together to form more complex molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - correct n down to supply energy for anabolism hydrolysis - correct cal process in which a compound is split by addition of H+ and OH- portions of a water molecule dehydration synthesis - correct lic process by which molecules are joined to form larger molecules; often called condensation reaction because it joins molecules together into a denser mass organic compound - correct in covalently bound carbon and hydrogen atoms and are involved in metabolic reactions inorganic compound - correct cal constituents that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen functional groups - correct cluster of atoms in an organic molecule that gives the molecule particular functional characteristics such as certain chemical binding properties; often represented generically by the letter R property of water strong polarity - correct water molecules attract other polar compounds, which causes them to dissociate/separate property of water high specific heat - correct gen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form, thereby minimizing temperature changes property of water high heat of vaporation - correct hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate property of water cohesion - correct gen bonds hold molecules of water together oxygen (O2) - correct red to complete the decomposition reactions required for the release of energy from nutrients burned by the cell carbon dioxide (CO2) - correct ved in cellular respiration; produced as a waste product during the breakdown of complex nutrients and also serves an important role in maintaining the appropriate acid-base balance in the body electrolytes - correct ance that dissociates into ions in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current acid - correct substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when in solution (proton donor) strong acid - correct that completely or almost completely dissociates to form H+ ions weak acid - correct that dissociates very little and therefore produces few excess H+ ions in solution base (alkaline) - correct rolytes that dissociate to yield hydroxide ions (OH-) or other electrolytes that combine with hydrogen ions pH - correct ates degree of acidity or alkalinity (base) of a solution pH = 7 = neutrality pH 7 = alkalinity (base) pH 7 = acidic