Chapter 9 Non‐Experimental Design I, Survey Methods

Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is true about the history of survey research? a) surveys were not used until after World War I b) the first survey research was Kinsey’s pioneering sex surveys c) Darwin and his cousin, Francis Galton, created the first surveys d) the method of the “questionary” was vigorously promoted by William James 2) Hall developed the “questionary” in order to a) discover the “contents of children’s minds” b) disprove Galton’s ideas about the inheritance of intelligence c) study facial expressions of emotion in different cultures d) prove that growing up in a city was vastly superior to a country life 3) What was wrong with the survey done by Literary Digest in 1936? a) their sample did not accurately reflect the proportions of Republicans and Democrats b) they only had 10% of their surveys returned c) they used simple random sampling instead of the more sophisticated cluster sampling d) they used cluster sampling, when stratified sampling was required 4) When magazines report the results of reader surveys, what is the major weakness? a) self selection b) low number of returns c) use of nonprobability rather than probability sampling techniques d) they fail to survey the entire population 5) When survey items are all worded favorably , the result can be a response bias called a) the Hawthorne effect b) a social desirability bias c) response acquiescence d) nonresponse bias 6) When should DK (“don’t know”) alternatives be used? a) when collecting demographic information b) never—they will be overused by respondents c) whenever you are surveying people with moderate to low IQs d) when there is good reason to believe that some respondents will genuinely not know an answer 7) Demographic information includes a) how knowledgeable a person is about some topic b) information about the income level of the respondent c) someone’s opinion about democracy (or related issues) d) all of the above 8) What was the lesson derived from the example of the marketing campaigns for the Whopper and the Big Mac? a) some surveys have self selection problems b) be careful of writing survey items that have double-barreled questions c) beware of leading questions d) some items use words that are linguistically ambiguous