QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PHARMACOLOGY HESI TEST EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PHARMACOLOGY HESI TEST EXAM First-pass effect - CORRECT ANSWER-initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the blood stream Idiosyncratic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-an abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual pt P-glycoprotein - CORRECT ANSWER-transporter protein that moves drugs out of cells and into the gut, urine, or bile Peak effect - CORRECT ANSWER-time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body Peak level - CORRECT ANSWER-maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the body; represents the drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and excretion from the body; study of what the body does to the drug Prodrug - CORRECT ANSWER-inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body Trough level - CORRECT ANSWER-lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolism A patient with pheochromocytoma is prescribed phentolamine. On a follow-up visit, the nurse finds severe hypotension. Which other medication in the patient's medication history would have resulted in this condition? Insulin Digoxin Sildenafil Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER-Slidenafil Which of these outcomes would be most appropriate to establish for a patient who is taking a selective alpha 1 receptor blocker? Patient reports no difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Patient's urine output is less than 240 mL in an 8-hour period. Patient's heart rate is >80 beats per minute when ambulating. Patient's systolic blood pressure readings are <140 mm Hg and >110 mm Hg. - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient's systolic blood pressure readings are <140 mm Hg and >110 mm Hg. The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient is ordered carvedilol. What is the nurse's primary intervention? Maintain the patient on intake and output. Assess the heart rate before administration. Make sure the patient is on telemetry monitoring. Call the health care provider to request a different medication. - CORRECT ANSWERCall the health care provider to request a different medication. A patient has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. After reviewing the patient's laboratory report, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has hypokalemia. Which drug does the nurse expect to be included in the patient's prescription? Mannitol Amiloride Furosemide Acetazolamide - CORRECT ANSWER-Amiloride What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a patient who has started to take donepezil? "This medication will enhance your memory." "This medication should cure your Alzheimer's disease." "You will only need to take this medication for 3 months." "This medication will increase your ability to sleep without dreaming." - CORRECT ANSWER-"This medication will enhance your memory." The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing treatment with an alpha-adrenergic drug. The nurse is monitoring daily laboratory test results on the patient. Because of the patient's treatment with the alpha-adrenergic drug, the nurse anticipates that the laboratory tests will show which result? Increased level of glucose Increased level of calcium Increased level of potassium Increased level of magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased level of glucose What should the nurse teach a patient about potential effects of a newly prescribed cholinergic-blocking drug? "The drug will decrease muscle rigidity." "The drug will cause a very slow heart rate." "You may have problems with urinary retention." "You will have increased saliva production and sweating." - CORRECT ANSWER-"You may have problems with urinary retention." When assessing a 75-year-old male patient who is taking an alpha blocker, the nurse should observe for what desired effect of this medication? Tachycardia Bronchodilation Increased urinary flow Increased blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased urinary flow What should the nurse assess as a therapeutic effect of the administration of pyridostigmine to a patient who has myasthenia gravis? Patient is no longer dizzy Patient has improved memory Patient is able to walk long distances Patient has increased muscle strength - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient has increased muscle strength During an assessment of a patient with hyperthyroidism, the nurse learns that the patient's provider has recommended thyroidectomy. What could be the reason for opting for such treatment for the patient? The patient is obese. The patient is elderly. The patient is diabetic. The patient is pregnant. - CORRECT ANSWER-The patient is pregnant. The nurse is administering several medications at 8:00 am. Which medication will decrease vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin II receptor sites? Enalapril Valsartan Metoprolol Furosemide - CORRECT ANSWER-Valsartan A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks, "Why can't I take a sulfonylurea like my friend who has diabetes?" What is the nurse's best response? "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin." "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic." "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin." "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage." - CORRECT ANSWER-"Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin." An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a seizure. The family members report the patient experienced tremors, sweating, and irritability before losing consciousness. The patient's laboratory results indicate hypoglycemia. Which medication does the nurse expect will be ordered by the health care provider? Insulin Glucagon Exenatide Liraglutide - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucagon What are the adverse effects of thyroid replacement drugs? Select all that apply. Fatigue Chest pain Palpitations Weight gain Cold intolerance - CORRECT ANSWER-Chest pain Palpitations Which hormones play a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis? Select all that apply.