ACE Fitness Exam Latest Version Graded A+

ACE Fitness Exam Latest Version Graded A+ abrasion a scraping away of the portion of the skin or mucous membrane abduction movement away from the midline of the body absolute contraidication a situation that makes a particular treatment or procedure absolutley inadvisable accent emphasis on a given beat Achilles tendinitis a painful and often debilitating inflammation of the Achilles tendon Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) a syndrome of the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and characterized by opportunistic infection and disease Action the stage of the trans theoretical model of behavior change during which the individual started a new behavior less than 6 months ago Activities of Daily Living activities normally performed for hygiene, bathing, household chores, walking, shopping, and similar activities Acute descriptive of a condition that usually has a rapid onset and a relatively short and severe course; opposite of chronic Addiction the devotion or surrendering of oneself to something habitually or obsessively Adduction movement toward the mid line of the body Adherence the extent to which people stick to their plans or treatment recommendations. Exercise adherence is the extend to which people follow, or stick to, an exercise program. Aerobic in the presence of oxygen Affective Domain one of the 3 domains of learning, involves the learning of emotional behaviors Alpha blocker a type of antihypertenstion medication that relaxes the blood vessels and leads to an increase in blood flow and a lower blood pressure. also called a adrenergic blocker. American Society of Composers, Artists and Publishers one of the two performing rights societies in the United States that represent music publishers in a negotiating and collecting fees for the nondramatic performance of music Americans with Disabilities Act civil rights legislation designed to improve access to jobs, work places, and commercial spaces for people with disabilities Anaerobic without the presence of oxygen Anaerobic threshold the point during high intensity activity where the body can no longer meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates. Also called the lactate threshold Anorexia Nervosa an eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain body weight of at least 85% of expected weight; intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; body image disturbances, including a disproportionate influence of body weight on self evaluation; and, in women, the absence of at least three consecutive menstrual periods Anthropometric Assessment the measurement of the human body and its parts, most commonly performed using skinfolds, girth measurements, and body weight anthropometry the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body anxiety a state of uneasiness and apprehension; occurs in some mental disorders apnea a temporary absence or cessation of breathing; when this condition occurs during sleep is called sleep apnea arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference the difference in oxygen content between arterial and mixed venous blood, which reflects the amount of oxygen removed by the whole body arthritis inflammation of a joint; a state characterized by the inflammation of joints asana a posture or manner of siting, as in the practice of yoga associative stage of learning the second stage of learning a motor skill, when performers have mastered the fundamentals and can concentrate on skill refinement asthma a chronic inflammatory disorder or the ariways that affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various environmental triggers such as allergens, viral infections, exercise, cold and stress athletic trainer a healthcare professional who collaborates with physicians and specializes in providing immediate intervention when injuries occur and helping athletes and clients in the prevention, assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of emergency, acute, and chronic medical conditions involving injury, impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities. Must have a bachelor's degree from an athletic training program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education, pass the Board of Certification, Inc. athletic training certification exam, and meet all state requirements for practicing as a Certified Athletic trainers athropy a reduction in muscle size due to inactivity or immobilization automated external defibrillator a portable electronic device used to restore normal heart rhythms in victims of sudden cardiac arrest autonomous stage of learning the third stage of leaning a motor skill, when the skill has become habitual or automatic for the performer avulsion a wound involving forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the body balance the ability to maintain the body's position over its base of support within stability limits, both statically and dynamically beats regular pulsations that have an even rhythm and occur in a continuous pattern of strong and weak pulsations beta-adrenergic stimulating agents a class of drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and are commonly prescribed for the treatment and management of respiratory disorders such as asthma and COPD. They increase heart rate, breathing rate, sweat rate, and other stress-related bodily functions. Ultimately results in a lowering of heart rate rate during stress, thus reducing the workload of the heart beta- adrenergic blocking agents medication used for cardiovascular and other medical conditions that "block" or limit sympathetic nervous system stimulation; commonly called beta-blockers. They act to slow the heart rate and decrease maximum heart rate bio electrical impedance analysis a body composition assessment technique that measures the amount of impedance, or resistance, to electric current flow as it passes through the body. Impedance is greatest in fat tissue, while fat- free mass, which contains 70-75% water, allows the electrical current to pass much more easily blanket license a certificate or document granting permision that varies and applies to a number of situations blood pressure the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries; measured in millimeters of mercury with a sphygmomanometer body composition the makeup of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat body fat a component of the body, the primary role of which is to store energy for later use body mass index a relative measure of body height to body weight used to determine levels of weight, from underweight to extreme obesity bone formations the processes resulting in the formation of normal, healthy bone tissue, including remodeling and resorption bone mineral density a measure of the amount of minerals contained in a curtained volume of bone bone resorption the breaking down of bone by osteoclasts broad ligament the ligament that extends from the lateral side of the uterus to the pelvic wall; keeps the uterus centrally placed while providing stability within the pelvic cavity Broadcast Music Inc one of the two performing rights societies in the US that represent music publishers in negotiating and collecting fees for the nondramatic performance of music bulimia nervosa an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrolled binge eating. recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior such as self induced iting, laxative misuse, diuretics or enemas, or fasting and excessive exercise burnout a state of emotional exhaustion caused by stress from work or responsibilities bursa a sac of fluid that is present in areas of the body that are potential sites of friction bursitis swelling and inflammation in the bursa that results from overuse calcium channel blockers a class of blood pressure medications that relax and widen the blood vessels capillaries the smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system. they connect the arterial and venous systems carbohydrate the body's preferred energy source. Dietary sources include sugars and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans. Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose cardiac output the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute; usually expressed in liters of blood per minute cardiac reserve the work that the heart is able to perform beyond that required of it under ordinary circumstances cardiomyopathy disease of the myocardium cardiopulmonary resuscitation a procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for a person who has stopped breathing and/or whose heart has stopped cardiorespiratory fitness the ability to perform large muscle movement over a sustained period; related to the capacity of the heart-lung system to deliver oxygen for sustained energy production. Also called cardio respiratory endurance or aerobic fitness cardiorespiratory segment the portion of a group exercise class designed for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition and keeping the heart rate elevated for a sustained time period cardiovascular disease a general term for any disease of the heart, blood vessels, or circulation carpal tunnel syndrome a pathology of the wrist and hand that occurs when the median nerve, which extends from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist center of gravity the point around which all weight is evenly distributed; also called center of mass central nervous system the brain and spinal cord cerebrovascular accident damage to the brain, often resulting in a loss of function, from impaired blood supply to part of the brain; more commonly known as a stroke cholesterol a fatlike substance found in the blood and body tissues in certain foods. Can accumulate in the arteries and lead to a narrowing of the vessels chondromalacia a gradual softening and degerneration of the articular cartilage, usually involving the back surface of the patella and swelling or a grinding sound or sensaton when the knee is flexed and extended choreography the art of designing sequences of movements chronic bronchitis characterized by increased muscle secretion and a productive cough lasting several months to several years chronic disease any disease state that persists over an extended period of time chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a condition, such as asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema, in which there is chronic obstruction of air flow class count a simple count of participants in a group fitness class, which is used as the basis for determining class value; often used in conjunction with "cost per head" and "penetration" claudication cramp like pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of blood to the leg muscles; frequently associated with peripheral vascular disease. cognitive domain one of the three domains of learning; describes intellectual activities and involves the learning of knowledge cognitive stage of learning the first stage of learning a motor skill when performers make many gross errors and have extremely variable performances collagen the main constitute of connective tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles combinations two or more movement patterns combined and repeated in sequence several times in a row command style of teaching a teaching style in which the instructor makes all decisions about rhythm, posture, and duration while participants follow the instructor's directions and movements comparative negligence a system used in legal defenses to distribute fault between an injured party and any defendant. compilations original, copyrightable sequences or a program of dance steps or exercise routines that may or may not be copyrightable individually concentric a type of isotonic muscle contraction in which the muscles develops tension and shortens when stimulated contemplation the stage of the trans theoretical model of behavior change during which the individual is weighing the pros and cons of behavior change contract a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law composed of an offer, acceptance, and consideration contraindication any condition that renders some particular movement, activity, or treatment improper or undesirable. contributory negligence a legal defense used in claims or suits when the plaintiff's negligence contributed to the act in dispute contusion a wound, such as a bruise, in which the skin is not broken; often resulting in broken blood vessels and discoloration copyright the exclusive right, for a certain number of years, to perform, make, and distribute copies and otherwise use an artistic, musical, or literary work coronary artery disease same as coronary heart disease coronary heart disease the major form of cardiovascular disease; results when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded, most commonly by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty tissue; also called coronary artery disease corticosteroid one of two main hormones released by the adrenal cortex; plays a major role in maintaining blood glucose during prolonged exercise by promoting protein and triglyceride breakdown cost per head a number calculated by dividing an instructor's hourly salary by the number of participants in a one hour class; used as one determinant of class value crepitus a crackling sound produced by air moving in the joint space; also called crepitation cross phase a type of choreography in which a series of linked movements take more or less than the standard eight counts of music. also called split phase cueing visual or verbal techniques, using hand signals or minimal words, to inform participants of upcoming movements