Galen NUR 155 Exam 1 with correct answers verified & updated

define health presence or absence of disease define wellness overall state of well-being or total health What are the 7 components of wellness? environmental occupational intellectual spiritual physical emotional social Define environmental wellness ability to promote health measures that improve standard of living and quality of life define occupational wellness ability to achieve a balance between work and leisure time define intellectual wellness ability to learn and use info effectively for personal, family and career development define spiritual wellness the belief in some force that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life define physical wellness ability to carry out daily tasks, achieve fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat, avoid abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco products and generally practicing positive lifestyle habits Define role performance model ability to fulfill societal roles How does the health-illness model work? health and illness/disease are opposite ends of a health continuum. Your everyday decisions influence where you end up. examples of internal variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices? biologic dimension, psychological dimension, cognitive dimension examples of external variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices? physical environment, standards of living, family and cultural beliefs, and social support network define disease a systematic problem and usually shows evidence define illness a personal state or feeling define acute illness comes and goes quickly define chronic illness lasts greater than 6 months. includes remission and exacerbation What are the 5 stages of illness? 1. symptoms 2. sick role 3. seeking care 4. dependent patient role 5. recovery illness impacts who? the patient and family define holism view individual as a whole define homeostasis maintain equilibrium or balance What is the highest priority according to maslow's? physiological needs What are the 3 levels of prevention? primary, secondary, tertiary Define primary prevention education to prevent a problem from happening Define secondary prevention early identification and early intervention to detect issues Define tertiary prevention occurs after the illness has appeared to prevent complications define medical asepsis clean technique confining microorganisms define surgical asepsis sterile technique destroys all microorganisms what are the 6 types of infection? local, systemic, bacteremia, septicemia, acute and chronic define local infection pathogens are limited to a small area of the body swelling, redness, etc. List the 5 levels of Maslow's Hiearchy of needs: From lowest to highest 1. physiological needs 2. safety and security needs 3. love and belonging needs 4. self-esteem needs 5. self-actualization needs Define systemic infection an infection throughout the body Define bacteremia presence of bacteria in the blood define septicemia blood poisoning define a nosocomial infection hospital acquired infection what are the 6 chains of infection? etiologic agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host define etiologic agent how a microorganism gets in define reservoir where microorganisms live; carrier define portal of exit how it leaves the reservoir define method of transmission Specific ways in which microorganism travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host. what are the methods of transmission? direct contact, indirect contact (vehicle borne, vector borne, and airborne) Define portal of entry any opening in the body; non-intact skin define susceptible host person who is at risk for infection What are the first lines of defense against infection? intact skin/mucosa membranes, mouth, cilia of nasal passages, tears, GI, vagina and urine flow What is the second line of defense against infection? inflammatory response and symptoms What are the 3 stages of inflammatory response? 1. vascular and cellular response 2. Exudate production 3. reparative phase Define the 1st stage of inflammatory response vessel constriction quickly followed by dilation, increase in vascular permeability and production/release of leukocytes Define the 2nd stage of inflammatory response fibrinogen, thromboplastin and platelets clump together form a barrier to prevent additional harm/injury EX: scab define the 3rd stage of inflammatory response regeneration, granulation tissue and fibrous tissue formation EX: scar What is the third line of defense against infection? active immunity - natural and artifical define active immunity host produces antibodies in response to natural antigens or artificial antigens define natural active immunity immunity from active infection define artificial active immunity immunity from administered infections define passive immunity host receives natural or artificial antibodies Define natural passive immunity Immunity produced from antibody transfer from mom to offspring across the placenta or thru breast milk Define artificial passive immunity When you become immune after being injected with antibodies from someone else What are the 3 nursing goals? 1. maintaining/restoring defenses 2. avoiding spread of infection 3. reduce/alleviate complications Define CDC two tier approach standard precautions and transmission based precautions what are CDC guidelines to prevent infection? two tier approach hand hygiene PPE environmental controls respiratory hygiene Define standard precautions a method designed for all patients