LATEST 2023 HESI MILESTONE PRACTICE EXAM WITH SATISFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

LATEST 2023 HESI MILESTONE PRACTICE EXAM WITH SATISFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A client with GERD is being treated with dietary management. The client states, "I like to have a glass of juice everyday." Which juice will the nurse recommend? - ANSWERAnswer: Apple Juice The nurse is caring for a client with a stroke resulting in right-sided paresis and aphasia. The client attempts to use the left hand for feeding and other self-care activities. The spouse becomes frustrated and insists on doing everything for the client. Based on this data, which nursing problem should the nurse document for this client? A. Situational low self-esteem related to functional impairment and change in role function. B. Disabled family coping related to dissonant coping style of significant person. C. Interrupted family processes related to shift in health status of family member. D. Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to complexity of care. - ANSWER-B stroke affects the whole family and in this case the spouse probably thinks that she is helping and needs to feel that she is contributing to the client's care. Her help is noted as being incongruent with attempts of self-care by the client thereby disabling family coping. An adult client who is hospitalized after surgery reports sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. The client appears anxious, restless, and mildly cyanotic. The nurse should further assess the client for which condition? A. Pulmonary embolism. B. Heart failure. C. Tuberculosis. D. Bronchitis. - ANSWER-A Post-surgical clients are at an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may result in pulmonary embolism if the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism include chest pain, dyspnea, anxiety, restlessness, and - in severe cases - cyanosis. Which physical assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a client with long-term gastroesophagealreflux disease (GERD)? A. Hoarseness. B. Dry mouth. C. Mouth ulcers. D. Weight loss. - ANSWER-A Dyspepsia (indigestion) and regurgitation are the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, hoarseness is one of the most common long-term symptoms of GERD due to the irritation of the reflux of gastric secretions. A client presents with chronic venous insufficiency. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate? A. Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis. B. Clubbing of fingers and toes. C. Intermittent claudication. D. Peripheral cyanosis. - ANSWER-C Clients who suffer from chronic venous insufficiency often develop stasis dermatitis in the lower extremities. Stasis dermatitis appear as brownish-red discoloration on the lower extremities at the ankles which can develop into stasis ulcers due to the pooling of the venous blood flow back to the heart. Which statement made by a client with chronic pancreatitis indicates that further education is needed? A. I will cut back on smoking cigarettes daily. B. I will avoid drinking caffeinated beverages. C. I will rest frequently and avoid vigorous exercise. D. I will eat a bland, low-fat, high-protein diet. - ANSWER-A To prevent exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, clients should be instructed to avoid nicotine entirely. Additional teaching includes avoiding caffeinated beverages, resting frequently as needed, and eating a bland diet low fat and high in protein. A client is newly diagnosed with diverticulosis. The registered nurse (RN) is assessing the client's basic knowledge about the disease process. Which statement by the client conveys an understanding of the etiology of diverticula? A. Over use of laxatives for bowel regularity result in loss of peristaltic tone. B. Inflammation of the colon mucosa cause growths that protrude into the colon lumen. C. Diverticulosis is the result of high fiber diet and sedentary life style. D. Chronic constipation causes weakening of colon wall which result in out-pouching sacs. - ANSWER-D A client who has chronic constipation often strains to pass constipated stool which increases intestinal pressure that weakens the intestinal walls and causes out-pouching sacs, called diverticula which commonly occur in the sigmoid. Small bowel obstruction is a condition characterized by which finding? A. Severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances. B. Metabolic acidosis. C. Ribbon-like stools. D. Intermittent lower abdominal cramping. - ANSWER-A Among the findings characteristic of a small bowel obstruction is the presence of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances. The nurse is assessing a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which finding is most important for the nurse to respond to first? A. Potassium 6.0 mEq. B. Daily urine output of 400 ml. C. Peripheral neuropathy. D. Uremic fetor - ANSWER-A When assessing a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperkalemia (normal serum level, 3.5 to 5.5 mEq) is a serious electrolyte disorder that can cause fatal arrhythmias, so the elevation of the potassium level is a nursing priority