Lecture notes on Endocrinology (including list of abbreviations, MSH & computer practical)

Introduction lecture
You have to bring a printed syllabus to the CIRRUS exam (16 june assess course objectives
introduction lecture slide) and submit it during the exam (also online version submit before exam).
Also make a poster about one lecture. Every group (9-10 students) divide in groups of 3-4, makes 3
posters, then discusses which one is the best (can also merge them) and send to lecturer, they will
post it in a poster gallery. Poster binnen 2 werkdagen af. In discussion form contacts from the group.
Versatest practical in CC2. Incorporate the key points of the practicals in the syllabus (not a whole
chapter). No grade for the syllabus, BRC and poster (still compulsory). You choose the collegue
student to give and receive feedback.

PhysioEx computer practical at home 21 april.

One lab class on zebrafish. Design a lab protocol (submit 21 april and revised 29 april). Lab classes
are 12 and 13 may. Write BCR (write conclusion in 100 words). E-learning to prepare. BRC is an
appendics in the syllabus.

Inhoudsopgave
MSH practical .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Experiment 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Computer lab practical PhyisoEx ............................................................................................................ 8
Text ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Answers ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 12
The hypothalamus - pituitary axis......................................................................................................... 13
Mechanisms of hormone action ........................................................................................................... 15
Histology endocrine glands (pituitary, adrenal & thyroid) ................................................................... 27
The adrenal gland – adrenogenital syndrome ...................................................................................... 33
Hormones & tumors (MAKE A POSTER!) .............................................................................................. 35
Histology endocrine glands (pancreas, ovary & testes)........................................................................ 37
Female reproduction ............................................................................................................................ 49
Male reproduction ................................................................................................................................ 52
Leptin & obesity .................................................................................................................................... 56
Growth hormone .................................................................................................................................. 58
The stress axis ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Cushing’s syndrome ...................................................................................................................... 64
Addison’s disease .......................................................................................................................... 65
Catecholamines – RAAS ........................................................................................................................ 66
Endocrinology of digestive tract ........................................................................................................... 68
Calcitropic hormones & osteoporosis................................................................................................... 71
Thyroid gland and hormones ................................................................................................................ 75

, Thyroid disorders .............................................................................................................................. 77
Endocrinology of the endocrine pancreas ............................................................................................ 78
Diabetes ............................................................................................................................................ 79


List of abbreviations

Mechanism of hormone action

- Phospholipase C (PLC)
- Phospholipase A (PLA)
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
- Protein kinase A (PKA)
- Protein kinase C (KPC)
- Diacylglycerol (DAG)
- Inositol triphosphate (InsP)
- Androgen receptor (AR)

The hypothalamus-pituitary axis

- Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Somatostatin (GHIH)
- Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

The thyroid gland

- Triiodothyronine (T3)
- Thyroxine (T4)
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone (THR)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- TRH degrading enzyme (TRHDE)
- TSH receptor (TSHR)
- Thyroglobulin (TG)
- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
- Dual oxygenase (DUOX)
- Monoidotyrosine (MIT)
- Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
- Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
- Transthyretin (TTR)