Fundamentals of Diverse Learners-WGU D096 | 201 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Fundamentals of Diverse Learners-WGU D096 What Is progress monitoring used for? - Monitoring Academic and Behavior progress What Age is progress monitoring usually used for? - Elementary students. But it can be conducted effectively at any age. CBM (Curriculum Based Measurement) - Includes instruments or probes. Has a short sample from the curriculum. Includes items from across the curriculum to provide a representative indicator of the students skills. It provides immediate info about how the student is mastering skills being taught at the moment. What is the major difference between Tier 2 and 3 of support in MTSS - Tier 3 provides more instructional time but it also provides smaller groups. Targets precise objectives at appropriate levels, systematic instruction, extensive opportunities for practices, and increased error correction and feedback opportunities. Tier 3 level of support - --Intensive-- The most intensive level of support provided (in addition to tier 1). This intervention is geared toward skill growth and acquisition much more narrowly focused. Tier 2 level of support - --Targeted-- Small group intervention provided to students in addition to tier 1 support ( Targeted areas of need) Tier 1 level of support - --Core-- Whole class instruction using evidence-based general education strategiesWhat is one function of the home language survey for language students - Determines the potential need for a language assistance program Once students are ID'd as potential EL's what is the process? - They must be assessed with a valid and reliable assessment to determine if they qualify for EL services A teacher observes disruptive behavior among a number of students, what should she do? - Reduce long delays between activities to hold students attention What type of differentiation is address in an IEP where a student need to sit near the teacher in the first or second row? - Environment What curriculum adjustment will help students who are bored in class? - Adjust assignments to include student interest What is a student able to do in Early Production? - Basic vocab Know up to 1000 words What differentiation method is a teacher using when offering reading materials at different reading levels to students? - Content What is a student able to do in the preproduction stage? - Practice pronouncing words Basic vocab Know up to 500 words Stages of Second Language Acquisition - 1. Preproduction 2. Early Production 3. Speech Emergence 4. Intermediate Fluency 5. Advanced FluencyExplicit Instruction - An instructional strategy that emphasizes group instruction. The instruction offered should include a great deal of teacher-student interactivity. The teacher models the behaviors taught Explicit instruction and implicit instruction - Two distinct methods of providing instruction to diverse students and these are used for various student groups depending on the functioning level and the subject area Systematic Instruction - A carefully planned sequence for instruction, similar to a builder's blueprint for a house. A blueprint is carefully thought out and designed before building materials are gathered and construction begins. The plan for instruction that is systematic is carefully thought out, strategic, and designed before activities and lessons are planned. Instruction is across the five components (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension). For systematic instruction, lessons build on previously taught information, from simple to complex. 3 characteristics of systematic instruction - Goal based Supported and scaffolded Logically sequenced Progress Monitoring - Tests that keep the teacher informed about the child's progress in learning to read during the school year. They are a quick sample of critical reading skills that will tell the teacher if the child is making adequate progress toward grade level reading ability at the end of the year. Curriculum Based Measurement - Used to measure the growth of student's proficiency in the core skills that contribute to success in school Differentiated Instruction - Practice of individualizing instructional methods, and possibly also individualizing specific content and instructional goals, to align with each student's existing knowledge, skills, and needs. Differentiated assessment - Allows more accurate measurement of what students know, it can provide valuable information about learning profiles and preferences.Speech Emergence - Continues gaining vocabulary, communicates using words with high semantic context, nouns, verbs, and adjectives, understands more than they can communicate, more effectively in face-to-face interactions. knows up to 3000 words Co-teaching - In co-teaching arrangements, two or more teachers teach together in the same classroom where students benefit from each teacher's specialty (e.g., a regular and a special education teacher working with regular students and students with a specific disability such as hearing impairments). Acculturation - The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another. Retention - Refers to the ability to keep aspects of ones culture, while adjusting to a new culture The most common issue with implementing co-teaching effectively in school? -Lack of planning time Team Teaching - Teachers share the responsibility for two or more classes, dividing up the subject areas between them. Only 1 teacher speaks at a time Collaborative teaching - General Ed and Special Ed teachers working together to meet the needs of special needs students Alternative co-teaching - Allows a teacher to specifically target the terminology or concept, before moving on to the next portion of class time, i.e. lab work 2 ways teachers can intentionally lessen implicit biases in the classroom - 1. Make connections with people from cultures other than their own2. Model how to talk about culture and diversity in a positive and transformative way Implicit bias - A hidden, automatic attitude that may guide behaviors independent of a person's awareness or control Assimilation - The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another Cultural Transition - Individuals entering a new culture and the natural changes that take place within that transition. Formative Assessment -Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students' understanding and inform and guide teaching 4 characteristics of feedback for students - Timely Respectful Constructive Goal-Oriented Scaffolding - Adjusting the support offered during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance It is an important part of systematic instruction Which instructional strategy should a teacher use to begin a lesson when unsure about how much students already know? -Build students background knowledge Differentiation - Involves adapting instruction to meet the needs of each learner Task analysis - The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process.Systematic Instruction - Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences, or reinforcement, for performance, and transfer of stimulus control. It is usually used with individuals in SPED Why would a teacher use visual cues, timers, and checklists for students with ADHD and those who are easily frustrated or distracted? - Because the teacher knows some students behaviors are due to a disability or boredom in the classroom Equity - The state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial; fair and equal treatment; something that is fair Equity Pedagogy - The use of teaching techniques that facilitate the academic success of students from different ethnic and social class groups What is the fundamental cultural purpose of language outside of communication? - Identity What is a characteristic of students who are learning a second language - Students who practice the second language in academic settings learn the academic language faster. Who is responsible for creating assessments in a co-teaching classroom - Both teachers 504 Plan - Accommodation plan for students with disabilities who don't qualify for special needs services Characteristics of 504 - *Does not require a formal detailed plan *Contains explicit language protecting individuals with disability's from harassments or retaliation based on their disability *No age limit Title III - Requires Ell's to receive equal numbers of textbooks and other resources as their English speaking peersTitle 3 addresses EL's and what other students? - Migrant children and youth Which ethnic group do a majority of second language learners represent? - Hispanic and Latino What accommodation should an EL student receive whether they have a disability or not? - Modified testing and requirements- due to EL status What law would apply to student with educational disabilities? - *IDEA *Title III What is one type of English language instruction program or model for EL's? - Pullout instruction Pullouts - A service that involves the student leaving the classroom to receive specialized instruction. Pullout programs - School programs that allow gifted children to leave the regular classroom for certain periods of the day or week for advanced learning in a particular subject area along with social opportunities with peers. What is a resource provided by section 504? - Accommodation and modification due to a disability Which attitude towards mistakes help student develop self-efficacy? - Mistakes are an opportunity for a student to learn Self-Efficacy - One's belief in his or her own ability. Does a student medical diagnosis determine whether the student qualify for SPED and related services? - No. *A medical diagnosis does not automatically qualify a student for SPED.*A student diagnosis is just one part of the evaluation process. *The Evaluation process will aid in determining the characteristics of the student's disability and the impact it has on his/her education. The disability category with the highest percentage of children served under IDEA is.... - 1 Specific learning Disability 34% 2 Speech and Language 19% 3 Other health impairment 14% 4 Autism 10% 5 Developmental Delay 7% How do ELL learn best? - EL's learn best in collaborative and cooperative classes where they can practice using American Standard English What is a characteristic of English Learners - *They Progress through developmental stages of second language acquisition. *English learners learn best in collaborative and cooperative classes where they can practice using American Standard English. IEP - Individualized Education Program What should a teacher do with a student with an IEP - Read the IEP to help understand each students behavior and how they should be handled SEA - State Education Agency LEA - *Local Education Agency *In Important and required team member of each students IEP team Manifestation Determination - A determination that a student's misbehavioris or is not a manifestation of a disability Manifestation Determination Review - When behaviors occur, the IEP team must involve school administrators and parents in order to determine whether the misbehaviors is a manifestation of the student's disability, or whether it resulted from the school's failure to appropriately implement the IEP Repeated fighting with peers might be cause for what disciplinary action? SPED/IEP/504 students - Manifestation Determination Hearing LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) - The concept that a child with a disability must be educated in a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated. Inclusion - Educating a child with special education needs, in a full-time mainstream classroom. Mainstreaming - Practice of placing children with special needs in regular classroom settings, with the support of professionals who provide special education services IDEA - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act The team that writes IEP's or 504 plans must include..... - *Special education teacher- they oversee the writing of the IEP's but the entire team is responsible for seeing that those plans are followed *Also included are: Administrators, teachers, assistants, parents, therapist, psychologist Characteristics of IEP - *Provides additional funding to states for eligible students *Limited to students with educational needs Which task must both co-teacher undertake in co-teaching everyday - Planning instructionFlexible Paced learning - Faster students' are given the facility to compete extension tasks and it gives other students the opportunity to complete their exercise at a more comfortable speed. A students supports and services are based on... - *His/Her unique needs, not the educational disability category specifically. *SPED qualification testing will provide a more in-depth understanding of the student's strength and needs MTSS - Multi-Tiered System of Support Key elements of MTSS - Universal screening Progress monitoring Data-Based decision-making School-wide support Family involvement Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) - Leveled or differentiated academic or behavior approaches to teaching and learning. These generally include primary (for all students), secondary (for some students), and tertiary (for a few students) supports/interventions. Out-of-level testing - Students in one grade level are assessed with tests that are designed for students in another grade level. Pre-Post performance based assessment - Type of assessment that tests learning over time instead of as an end result. (Knowledge and skill acquisition) It provides baseline data on a learning objective and can show growth in knowledge and skill post instruction Qualitative and Quantitative - The two types of assessments that are observation and data or numbers basedProduct Based Assessment - Evaluates a students holistic understanding of learning through a specific outcome or project Holistic - Dealing with something as a whole rather than by its individual parts Do falderal laws fund and regulate education for gifted and talented students? - No. Programs and services supporting these students vary widely from state to state and even district to district. Culturally Responsive Teaching - A method of embracing students' cultural backgrounds by modifying classroom conditions or activities to include elements that relate to the students' culture. Culturally Relevant Pedagogy - Excellent teaching for students from visible minorities that includes academic success and developing/maintaining cultural competence and critical consciousness to challenge the status quo. Tiered Instruction - The teacher offers the same core content to each student but provides varying levels of support for students. Content Mastery - Refers to students' ability to demonstrate mastery of subject-area knowledge on academic measures How can data be used to change teaching practices for students who underperformed on formative exams? - By temporarily decreasing demands and helping build their content mastery Formative Evaluation - Evaluation conducted before or during instruction to facilitate instructional planning and enhance students' learning. What would allow gifted and talented students the ability to showcase their best work and provide insights into their progress over time? - PortfoliosPortfolios - Collections of student work representing a selection of performance. A portfolio may be a folder containing a student's best pieces and the student's evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the pieces. A student gets easily confused when completing complex tasks or answering multi part questions. What can the teacher do to provide a differentiated assessment? - Designing Tiered Activities Tier 1 Instruction - Encompasses whole-school quality differentiated instruction and support for all students. Tier 2 Instruction - Instruction in small group sessions that provide extra practice of targeted skills and content covered in Tier 1 Tier 3 Instruction - Highly intensive instruction matched to the individual needs of students who continue to struggle, despite well delivered evidence-based instruction in Tier 2. What differentiation strategy has been applied to a student with a movement impairment that is given extra time and adaptive techniques to answer a question? - Multiple means of action Why is it difficult to assess gifted and talented students? - Students can be gifted and talented in many different ways Accommodation vs. Modification - An accommodation changes how a student learns the material. A modification changes what a student is taught or expected to learn Accommodation vs. Assimilation - Accommodation: existing mental structures & behaviors are modified to adapt to new experiences. Assimilation: new ideas & experiences are absorbed & incorporated intro existing mental structures & behaviors 504 Plan is governed by what kind of law? - Civil Rights lawWhat does an IEP cover - *Requires public schools to provide SPED to eligible students *Covers 13 specific disability categories *Not everyone who struggles in school qualifies Goverening differences of IEP and 504 plan - *IEP governed by the Dept. of ED. *504 plan governed by the US office of civil rights A student performs well on math but often struggles on reading assignments, what could be a reason for this? - The student may have a learning disability Learning Disabilities - Difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities Who must give input in the IDEA plaement program? - *Parents *Student *Teachers *............ Decision regarding IEP goals - Goals can change to reflect the students progress relative to program goals An ELL student was placed in the SPED program, it was determined later that this student was incorrectly placed in the program. - The student was Id'd as having a learning disorder before being assessed as a second language learner After finishing a unit about famous explorers the teacher asks ELs to make a poster about a famous explorer- What instructional practice is the teacher using to support language development? - ScaffoldingA class is given a reading assignment with words that EL's are not likely to know- how can the teacher help students understand? - Pointing to pictures that depict the word Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) - Refers to formal academic learning. This includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about subject area content material. This level of language learning is essential for students to succeed in school. Students need time and support to become proficient in academic areas. This usually takes from five to seven years. Recent research has shown that if a child has no prior schooling or has no support in native language development, it may take seven to ten years for ELLs to catch up to their peers. Sheltered Immersion - *Used in secondary grades *Subjects are taught in English *Simple vocabulary is used Structured Immersion - *Structured immersion programs focus on developing second language abilities of students who speak a minority language (Spanish speakers learning English). *Structured immersion programs can easily become submersion programs because they rely heavily on the use of English over developing or maintaining the first language. A student spends half the day learning in their native language and the other half of the day learning in English- What EL program is this student enrolled in? - Dual Immersion Word Wall - An alphabetized chart posted in the classroom listing words students are learning A teacher has a word wall with terms posted and asks students to write sentences using 2 words from the wall- What strategy is the teacher using? - Reinforcing language Krashen's 5 hypotheses - *Natural Order Hypothesis *Acquisition/ Learning Hypothesis *Monitor Hypothesis *Input Hypothesis *Affective Filter HypothesisAcquisition-Learning Hypothesis - Krashen-States that there are two independent ways in which we develop our linguistic skills: acquisition and learning. Acquisition of language is a subconscious process and the learner is unaware of the process taking place. Once the new knowledge has been acquired, the learner is actually unaware of possessing such knowledge. This is analogous to the way in which children learn their native language. Consequently, if we accept the hypothesis then we need to spend more time using real language with our students as opposed to teaching them explicit grammar rules. Monitor Hypothesis - Krashen-learning is a concious process and used to monitor spoken or written output Natural Order Hypothesis - Krashen- grammatical structures aquired in a predictable order, independent of the order grammar is taught Input Hypothesis - Krashen-Argues that learners progress along the natural order only when they encounter second language input that is one step beyond where they are in the natural order Affective Filter Hypothesis - Krashen-Describes external factors that can act as a filter that impedes acquisition, such as motivation level, self-confidence level, and anxiety A teacher has a classroom of students who mostly share the same mainstream culture, the teacher has a different background and culture. Should the teacher consider using culturally responsive teaching in the classroom? - Yes, because all students can benefit from these teaching strategies. What is a whole-class strategy or instructional approach that ensures your students clearly understand the steps to complete a skill and then can apply that learning in practicing a skill? - Explicit instruction In planning your lesson, you will need to apply either universal design for learning (UDL) or differentiated instruction; you should not use both in the same lesson. - FalseStudents with disabilities should be provided alternative assessments in order to receive accommodations in your lesson. - False You are a classroom teacher seeking to ensure your students stay on task and engaged, and you need to design a classroom assessment after teaching an important concept. - UDL is one way to design classroom assessments that ensure each student is engaged and challenged. Your students who are gifted and talented are working on an accelerated curriculum. What activities is most appropriate for these students? - Continue working on an advanced project aligned with higher grade-level standards, but participate in opening and closing circles to share what they have learned. At the end of the lesson, you collect an exit ticket and notice that only 40 percent of your students have met the objective. What is an appropriate way to begin the next day's lesson? - Begin with a brief reteaching of the content in question, and then allow students time for individual practice in areas where they most need it. You model a new skill for your class, and then let them practice (first with partners and then on their own) while you provide feedback. - Explicit instruction You allow your students to choose whether to complete a worksheet or a video journal, and you offer them a word bank and vocabulary chart if they need support. - Universal Design of learning As students complete an online review activity, you collect their scores and review them to determine whether students need more support or reteaching. - Progress monitoring In teaching about story plots, Ms. Phan models how to complete a graphic organizer using a short story she reads aloud. Then she asks students to complete the same graphic organizer with a partner for another short story they read together. - Explicit Instruction Some of Mr. Kim's students are receiving targeted supports and instruction in a reading intervention group. Each week, they complete a short reading fluency assessment to assess their mastery of the concepts taught in their intervention class. Mr. Kim uses the data to plan for next week's instruction and determine whether students need continued intervention. - Progress monitoringMs. Turay is teaching an inclusive math class, including students with and without disabilities. She reminds students of the goal at the beginning of the lesson, reviews the goal at each point of transition, and plans a logical sequence of activities that align to the overall lesson and unit goals. Throughout the lesson, she explains to her students how each activity relates to their overall goal. - Systematic instruction After students do a problem together as a class in Ms. Garcia's class, they work in small groups to complete the problem and present their work. They do a final problem on their own as an exit ticket. - Explicit instruction Task analysis is an important element of systematic instruction and can help teachers sequence instruction. - True You are a teacher and notice that, during guided practice of a three-step process, one of your students is completing the second step incorrectly. What is appropriate feedback to provide the student? - "You began this correctly, but take another look at what you did next." Universal Design for Learning - Preparing a lesson so that all students can access the information. In a general education classroom comprising students from several different linguistic backgrounds, reading levels of English text are adjusted based on the proficiency level of each student. - Differentiation instruction A classroom teacher learned about person-first language at a workshop she recently attended. As a general education English teacher in a large school district, she has quite a diverse classroom. With her new awareness, she altered her behavior and became careful to use person-first language when talking about her students (i.e., a student with autism, a student from Mexico). - Positive equity pedagogy In a diverse urban seventh-grade social studies classroom, the classroom teacher established cooperative learning groups to tackle an upcoming unit. The teacher specifically created mixed-ability groups to expand students' learning opportunities. The groups were mixed in terms of race, culture, and language ability - Positive equity pedagogyIn order to make her second-grade classroom more inviting and festive for upcoming holidays, a teacher hung holiday decorations and engaged the class in writing letters to Santa to practice spelling and basic sentence structure. - Not positive equity pedagogy Safeguard instructional time, use research and data to improve instruction, and implement varied instructional strategies to support all learners. - Classrooms that support learning Create a welcoming environment in the classroom, provide different modes of interaction with families (writing, e-mail, phone calls, etc.), and intentionally include community members in the classroom who speak a variety of languages relevant to the classroom population. - Outreach to students families Communicate and provide information to parents about school and community resources to extend inclusive student learning opportunities, and offer additional activities for students to practice independently (or with a family member if they so choose) to keep students engaged before and after school, as well as during vacation breaks or over summer. - Extended learning opportunities An example of culturally responsive instructional strategy - A third-grade teacher on a Native American reservation creates weekly story time with an elder in the Native American community. The stories are centered around Native American culture, and students are encouraged to tell their own stories as well. Cultural identity is linked to emotional and cognitive development and has an impact on educational success. - True Implementing equity pedagogy primarily aims to decrease - Academic gaps Cummins - BICS and CALP; Threshold hypothesis; generally reached after 4-5 years of effective L1 instruction Krashen - Acquisition learning hypothesis 1. monitor 2. motivation 3. natural order4. affective filter 5. comprehensible input What is a best practice for supporting ELs' language development? - Use language learning objectives as well as content objectives. What might be an appropriate language-related activity for ELs to support a lesson on how key words help with understanding the main idea? - Identify important vocabulary words in a reading selection and describe their relationship to the meaning. What is characteristic of a student in the early production or speech emergence stage of language acquisition? - Written work may have words and phrases; student is not yet producing paragraphs or lengthy sentences. What is one approach that you could use to meet the linguistic needs of four students who speak different languages in the same lesson? - Use UDL to provide a choice of independent practice activities, differentiated by language skill. Dual-language immersion, with Spanish and English instruction, would be an effective way to build language and cross-cultural competencies for students who speak Spanish and are just learning English - True One way to provide vocabulary support to all your ELs is - Use visuals and real-life models Your collaborating English language instruction teacher would like to provide push-in support to your students during your class. What is one characteristic of push-in support? - Push-in support allows English language instruction support to be integrated with content learning and instruction. Bilingual Assessment Strategies - 1) Consider both languages 2) Determine language dominance 3) Determine language proficiency 4) Use interpreters5) Develop database on language spoken in your service area Bilingual classroom assessments may be appropriate for Sophia, a Level 1 EL, who is recently arrived and speaks Russian. - True Relational strategies create opportunities for parents and families to participate in leadership and decision-making that supports collaborative partnerships with the shared goal of student success. - True; Relational strategies are systematic capacity building strategies supported by school administrators and educators, used to provide families with opportunities to participate in leadership and decision-making experiences in order to build sustainable partnerships and tangible change, with the common goal of student success. If the general education teacher is unable to attend a student's IEP meeting, he or she must ________________________. - Have documentation signed by the parents When offering suggestions and feedback to parents and colleagues, avoid _____________ phrases, such as "A better idea would be" . . ." or "Let's do this instead . . ." as these types of phrases are evaluative. - Judgmental The classroom teacher plays an active role in developing IEPs and 504 plans for students. - True, The classroom teacher is an active participant throughout the process of developing a student's IEP or 504 plan. The teacher may refer a student if the teacher has concerns. The teacher gathers assessment data, observational data, and other information to share with the team as they make decisions. The teacher also collaborates with other individuals throughout the process and collaborates to make decisions about next steps and discuss what should be included in a student's plan. When a paraeducator joins a teacher's classroom, the teacher can be confident that the paraeducator understands his or her role. - False, Do not assume that the paraeducator knows what to do when he or she begins working in your classroom. Even if paraeducators have prior experience, every classroom runs differently and you should communicate important information about your classroom and expectations. Paraeducator - A school employee who works under the supervision of teachers or other professional practitioners. Their jobs are instructional in nature.The principal notices that several required IEP meetings are not on the school calendar, and classroom teachers are not aware of the meetings. Whom should the principal communicate with to ensure IEP meetings are properly scheduled? - Special Education Director A scheduled IEP meeting takes longer than expected, and the parent of the student must head back to work. What should the IEP team do next? - Schedule another meeting At an IEP meeting, the parent states he or she is a single parent and does not have access to a computer at home. The parent also says that internet and cell service are not reliable in his or her neighborhood and requests all communication be via phone call instead of email or text messages. How should the IEP team respond? - Discuss a best time to contact the parent by phone so he or she is able to talk and commit to communicating through phone calls Your principal is leading an in-service on best practices and roadblocks to communicating with parents. She highlights research regarding why some teachers have difficulty collaborating with parents. Which of the following statements is supported by research? - Teachers and parents from different racial and socioeconomic groups often have trouble relating to one another. Paraprofessional will help with... - Assisting a student with personal care and other physical needs Assist a student in understanding and following directions given by the teacher Special education teacher will help with - Writing the IEP goals General Education teacher will help with - creating lesson plans aligned to grade level content standards General education classroom - The most appropriate setting in which students can learn speech and language skills and practice them A special education team has determined that a student with a learning disability learns best in a regular classroom for most of the day and in a special education classroom for two hours a day.Which component of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is being addressed? - Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)A student performs well on mathematics tasks but often struggles with reading assignments.Which inference can be made? - The student may have a learning disability. A teacher wants to create a test-taking routine for students.Which step should the teacher take to create a routine for taking tests? - Remind students to read the directions before each test begins. A teacher uses preassessments to determine where each student's instruction should begin and then matches students with appropriate activities. Which differentiation method is the teacher using? - Content Which statement describes what modifications and accommodations change in education? - Modifications change what a student learns, and accommodations change how a student learns. A teacher allows students to complete work together during study time, but he also keeps a quiet part of the room where students can do their work individually if they prefer. Is the teacher using culturally responsive teaching methods? - Yes, because the teacher is allowing students to choose a style of learning that best aligns with their individual style. Maximum language acquisition happens when learners read or hear language that is a bit beyond their current level of understanding. Which hypothesis of Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) includes this belief? -Input An English learner (EL) program teacher has students leave the general education classroom to teach English in a small group in another room. Which type of program does this scenario describe? - Pull Out Which example shows a student mastering Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)? - Understanding a story that uses figurative language A teacher is asking English learners (ELs) to relate to a vocabulary word by sharing their personal experiences, thoughts, and ideas with it.Which scaffolding strategy best describes what the teacher is using? - Tap into prior knowledgeStudents want to convey the meaning of a vocabulary word with a hands-on demonstration.Which demonstration is the best example of that? - Acting with pantomime in a group pantomime - A performance using gestures and body movements without words A teacher gives English learner (EL) students story maps, a Venn diagram, and a cause-and-effect sheet to use when expressing comprehension of colonization. Which term identifies these resources? - Graphic organizers Which IEP meeting stakeholder will give insight into a student's classroom performance? - A general education teacher Flexible instruction and mixed-ability grouping are foundations of which type of instruction? - Differentiated Which type of co-teaching model divides a classroom into two groups to provide instructional content simultaneously? - Parallel teaching A general education teacher and an EL teacher are co-teaching an English language arts class in a diverse urban classroom. This particular class is taught in English. During this lesson on note taking, the general educator provides the lecture while the EL teacher walks the room answering questions and modeling when needed. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? - One teach, one assist Two general educators teach an interdisciplinary class combining history and art. The art teacher is teaching the general lecture on this particular day while the history teacher collects data on her counterpart's lecture clarity and student behavior. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? - One teach, one observe A general educator and special educator are co-teaching in a first-grade classroom. Each morning, they begin the day by breaking the students into small groups of mixed ability. The teachers each sit at different tables, while other spaces are created for independent work. Students rotate around the room to each location with their small group. Each teacher focuses on a review concept from the previous day. Which model of co-teaching are these two teachers using? - Station teachingThe majority of English learners in the United States are immigrants. - False: Approximately 85 percent of prekindergarten to fifth-grade EL students and 62 percent of sixth- to twelfth-grade EL students are born in the United States (Zong and Batalova, 2015).