NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Quiz Module 5 Questions And Answers!!

How do all diuretics work? - Blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney, causing water, sodium and chloride to be excreted in the urine from the body, along with potassium. When is the best time to give a diuretic medication? - in the morning, so the patient does not have to get up at night to go pee. What things should we monitor when giving a patient any diuretic? - electrolyte imbalances and for fluid volume deficit (sodium- seizures and cerebral edema, potassium- can cause EKG changes) What are diuretics normally used to treat? - fluid volume overload, hypertension, heart failure, renal and liver failure, lowers peripheral edema and pulmonary edema What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics? - they pull water into the renal system from the surrounding tissues, and produces rapid diuresis. What are osmotic diuretics used to treat? - renal failure, reduce ICP, treat cerebral edema, reduce IOP. What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics? - pulmonary edema,HF, rebound increased ICP, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances What are important drug interactions with osmotic diuretics? - lithium and digoxin - can be toxic What should we use when administering an osmotic diuretic through the IV? - filter- this medication can crystalize when exposed to lower temperatures. What is the mechanism of action for K sparing diuretics? - binds to aldosterone receptors to promote Na and water excretion, but will also cause potassium to be retained.What are K sparing diuretics used to treat? - hypertension, HF, pediatric HF, hyperaldosteronism ( binds to aldosterone to excrete it), edema What are the side effects for K sparing diuretics? - hyperkalemia, drowsiness, benign and malignant tumors, endocrine effects