DAANCE Exam Study Questions | 130 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated 2023 | Guaranteed A+

DAANCE Exam Study Questions | 130 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Updated 2023 | Guaranteed A+ The "T" wave on an ECG tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? Repolarization of the ventricles What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering the trachea? The epiglottis Which structure is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is lying in a supine position? The tongue What is the "supine" position? Pt laying face up What is the "fowlers" position? Pt is sitting straight up or leaning slightly back What is the "trendelenberg" position? Pt's head is slightly lower than their feet Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which vessel? pulmonary artery What is the normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs? Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta The small sac like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called? Aveoli Which structure may be involved in a pt who has an upper respiratory infection? nose, sinuses, and pharynx What is the soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus? Epiglottis An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse is? common carotid Which part of the eye loses its reflex action first during the induction of anesthesia? The eyelid What is hypoxia? Lack of oxygen What is Addisons disease? hyposecretion of glucocorticoids What type of medication do pt's with Addisons disease take? Cortisone daily What is hyperglycemia? An insufficient supply of insulin which is produced in the pancreas, prevents the body's cells from metabolizing carbohydrates properly. What is "Type 1 diabetes"? Insulin dependent What is "type 2 diabetes?" non-insulin diabetes A pt with history of transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) has had temporary lessening of? Blood supply to the brain Ischemic heart disease is a result of? decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the pt's? Medical history A pt who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with? drug excretion Medical history is not used to document ? The socioeconomic status of the pt. Congestive failure does not result in? bronchospasm Normal blood oxygen saturation in an ASA class I pt ranges from? 95%-100% Why are diabetic pt's at risk for oral and maxillofacial surgery? Pt's are subject to postoperative infections. A pt who has had a myocardial infarction should wait how many months before having elective surgery? 6 months What is midazolam? Versed What is glycopyrrolate? Robinul What does robinul do? Dry mouth What type of drug is "diazepam"? Anxiolytics (dissolving anxiety) What is another word for "diazepam"? Valium What is another word for "midazolam"? Versed What is the main difference between valium and versed? Versed is faster acting and water soluble, making it less irritating to the veins. What is a narcotic? Used to provide systemic pain control What is fentanyl (Sublimaze) A narcotic, Much more potent than demerol or morphine What is diphenhydramine? Benadryl What is another word for "Dexamethasone"? Decadron What type of medication is decadron? A steroid What is another name for "Odanestron?" Zofran What does "odanestron" do? Helps with perioperative nausea What does decardon help with? The prevention of swelling Diazepam (valium) is used in outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery to? sedate the patient Barbiturates are detoxified primarily in the ? Liver Rapid administration of anesthetic doses of methoexital (brevital) can result in? hiccups, tachycardia, and respiratory depression What is "tachycardia"? Fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute) What is "titrate"? to give a small quantity of a drug and assess its effects before giving additional drugs The reason that methohexital (brevital) is considered to be ultrashort acting is because it is? not as highly bound to fat as thiopental Oxygen is approximately what precent of room air? 20% Naloxone (narcan) is used primarily as? A narcotic antagonist Recovery from ketamine (ketalar) anesthetic is sometimes associated with? Bad dreams Local anesthetics containing epinephrine should be used cautiously on pt's who have? cardiac disrhythmias What is "Cardiac disrhythmias (arryhthmias) Rhythm disturbances of the heart What is Arryhythmia ? Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat What is the "Arteriole?" Any of the very small arterial branches located at the end of an artery (furthest from the heart) how is the group of local anestethics ester's metabolized? They have a higher potential for allergic reaction and are metabolized by the enzymes in the blood What group of anesthetic is cocaine a part of? Esters How is the group of local anesthetics Amides metabolized? In the liver What group of anesthetics is Lidocaine part of? Amides What are "Vasoconstrictors"? Pharmacologic agents that cause blood vessels to constrict What is "Vasoconstriction"? The decrease in the diameter of a vessel, especially constriction of arterioles leading to decrease blood flow to a part What are the "pulmonary veins"? The veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. This is the only case in the body in which veins carry oxygenated blood What is the benefit to using propofol (Diprivan) over methohexital (Breviatl)? lower incidence of nausea and a shorter duration What is the benefit to using local anesthetic alone? The patient doesn't have to be NPO, and a driver is not neccesary What is NPO? Nothing by mouth Which is the easiest and quickest emergency airway ? Cricothyrotomy What does the pulse oximentry monitor? Measures the oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood What does a "Capnometer" monitor? Ventilation in real time by measuring the level of carbon dioxide as the pt exhales How often should the function of an anesthesia machine be checked? Daily In the united states the standard color for a nitrous oxide cylinder is? Blue Blood pressure levels will most likely be falsely low when using? An adult arm cuff on a small child What would indicate of partial respiratory obstruction in a sedated pt? gurgling, snoring, high pitched crowing or wheezing, noted while monitoring with precordial stethoscope Ventilation can be monitored continually by? observation of the rebreathing bag, and auscultation in the precordial or pre tracheal region A rocking or "see-sawing" rhythm of the chest and abdomen may indicate ? Airway obstruction An increased heart rate may be caused by ? Painful stimuli Capnography measures? Level of carbon dioxide expired in each breath A patient who swallows during anesthesia is experiencing? A light level of anesthesia What is "addison's disease?" A disease due to hyposecretion of glucocortirodes, characterized by low pressure, aremia, diarrhea, digestive disturbance and a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin What is the "Alveous?" A small air sac within the body of the lung What is "Anaphylaxis" ? A severe allergic reaction marked by any of several severe responses, including skin reactions, smooth muscle cramping, urinary incontinence, constriction of bronchioles, respiratory difficulty and cardiovascular collapse What is Anemia? A reduction in the number of red blood cells in the blood stream what is "Angina Pectoris"? Pain in the chest, with a feeling of suffocation, usually due to a deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium What is the "Myocardium"? The middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscles What is an "Anticholinergic"? What is "syncope"? Sudden, brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased blood flow to the brain ("passing out") What is "Hypoglycemia"? Reduction in blood glucose levels (low blood sugar) What can occur during the "syncopal stage"? hypotension, bradycardia, pupil dilation, visual disturbance, loss of consciousness What is treatment for Syncope? place pt in trendelenburg position, assess consciousness, airway/breathing, tilt head to establish airway, place crushed ammonia capsule under nose What can cause "Hypoglycemia"? Excessive insulin therapy, missed/delayed meals, illness/infection, excessive exercise What are some mild signs/symptoms of Hypoglycemia? cold/clammy skin, extreme hunger, nausea, tachycardia, numbness/tingling, trembling What are some moderate symptoms of Hypoglycemia? lack of energy, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, fatigue, headache, weakness, anger, poor cordination What are some severe symptoms of Hypoglycemia? loss of consciousness, seizures/convulsions, hypothermia, coma What is early treatment for Hypoglycemia? Place pt in supine position, maintain airway, check blood glucose levels (glucometer), treat blood glucose 50 mg/dl What is "oral glucose" ? tablets, soft drink, candy, cake frosting What is advanced treatment for HYpoglycemia? PT becomes unconscious (life support), activate EMS, establish IV (glucose), How many chest compressions to how many breaths in CPR? 30 compressions/ 2 breaths When would you perform CPR? If the pt has no pulse What is "Thyroid storm"? A life threatening condition that is more likely to develop when a person has a serious health problem (major infection), in addition to hyperthyroidism; the thyroid gland releases large amounts of thyroid hormone in a short period of time and most often occurs in people with Graves disease What causes a "Thyroid storm"? surgery, trauma, infection, physiologic/emotional stress, pregnancy What are some acute signs of thyroid storm? tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, irritability, heart failure What is "tachycardia"? 140 beats/minute What is "Hypotension"? 90 mm Hg What is treatment for thyroid storm? Activate 911, 100% oxygen, initiate life support What is a "laryngospasm"? A protective reflex to prevent foreign matter from entering the larynx, trachea or lungs What can cause a laryngospasm? light general anesthesia, foreign material in the region of the vocal cords What are some signs/symptoms of larygnospasm? increased respiratory effort, increased difficulty in exchanging of air, "Crowing" sound, developing cardiac arrhythmia's What is early treatment of a laryngospasm? pack off surgical site, 100% oxygen, immediate suction of oropharynx (tonsil suction), establish proper head tilt/position to establish airway, position tongue anteriorly What is advanced treatment for laryngospasm? for a partial spasm= small dose of succinylcholine, for a complete spasm= Larger dose of succinycholine. What is a "Broncospasm/Asthmatic attack"? Restricted flow of inhalation/exhalation to the lungs , pt's have more difficulty exhaling What causes bronchospam/asthmatic attack? genetics, environmental, immune system What are some signs/symptoms of a bronchospasm/asthmatic attack? Pt exhibits labored breathing, expirational difficulty, decreased oxygen saturation on the pulse oximeter, decreased ventilation patterns on the capnograph , shortness of breath, wheezing What is treatment for a bronchospasm/asthmatic attack? Pt in upright position, 100% oxygen, CPR (if needed), Albuterol (inhaler) What is "Angina Pectoris"? Chest pain or discomfort due to heart disease What causes "Angina pectoris"? Occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) doesn't get enough blood (oxygen) as required, usually occurring when one or more of the hearts arteries (blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle) is narrowed or blocked What is insufficient blood supply called? Ischemia What are some signs/symptoms of Angina pectoris? pain in chest, heaviness or squeezing sensation What is treatment for Angina Pectoris? Activate EMS, one dose of nitroglycerin, What is a "Myocardial infarction?" Inadequate blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle resulting in irreversible injury to the myocardium What causes Myocardial infarction? Decreased oxygen flow to the heart muscle, complete or partial blockage of the coronary arteries What are some signs/symptoms of Myocardial infarction? new onset of chest pain which last for at least 20 minutes, pain continues at rest, elevated or reduced blood pressure, pain not immediately relieved by nitroglycerin What is treatment for Myocardial infarction? Place pt in upright/semi-reclined position, activate EMS, administer Non-enteric aspirin What is "Bradycardia"? A heart rhythm that is too slow, 60 beats per minute What is "Stable Tachycardias"? Heart beat that is too fast, 100 beats per minute What is "Sinus Tachycardia"? Rapid heart rate caused by an underlying systemic disorder and not a true arrhythmia or indication of cardiac disfunction What is "Urticaria/Pruritus"? An allergic reaction What are signs of "Ucticaria/priuritis"? Hives, mild to severe itching, lesions What is treatment to an allergic reaction? Upright/semi-reclining position , Administer bendadryl (diphenhydramine hydrochloride) What is "Narcan" used for? Used to treat respiratory depressant or sedative effects of narcotics