Community Health Nursing FINAL EXAM questions and answers well illustrated.

Community Health Nursing FINAL EXAM questions and answers well illustrated. Studies in analytic epidemiology differ from descriptive epidemiology because they seek to answer what kind of questions? - correct answers.The WHY questions. Descriptive epidemiology describes the distribution of disease, death, and other health outcomes in the population according to person, place, and time—the who, where, and when of disease patterns. Analytic epidemiology, by contrast, searches for the determinants of the patterns observed—the how and why of disease patterns. Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the community, it is often difficult to control the environment. Which statement demonstrates an epidemiological strategy for monitoring disease trends? a)A community health nurse (CHN) conducts a diabetic education class for newly diagnosed clients. b)A CHN investigates reported cases of whooping cough in an elementary school. c)A CHN organizes a health and wellness fair at the community health centre. d)A CHN participates on a county school board that addresses student health issues. - correct answers.A Nurses are a key part of the interdisciplinary team in community settings and are involved in the surveillance and monitoring of disease trends. A CHN teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies, such as removing carpets and avoiding pets. What level of intervention is represented by this practice? a) Assessment b) Primary prevention c) Secondary prevention d) Tertiary prevention - correct answers.B Primary prevention refers to interventions that promote health and prevent the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Interventions at this level are aimed at individuals and groups who are susceptible to disease but have no discernible pathology (i.e., they are in a state of prepathogenesis). A breast cancer screening program screened 8 000 women and discovered cancer in 35 women who had previously been diagnosed with breast cancer and in 20 women with no previous history of breast cancer. What is the prevalence rate of breast cancer in this scenario? a)Current and past breast cancer events in this population of women b)Newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in this population of women c)Past breast cancer events in this population of women d)Population of women who had no evidence of breast cancer - correct answers.Current and past breast cancer events in this population of women (20+35/8000) The prevalence rate identifies the number of persons in a population that have a disease or experienced an event at a particular time (i.e., the number of existing [old and new] cases divided by the population at risk). One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. How is risk can be defined? - correct answers.The probability that an event will occur within a specified time period. Notable developments in history have contributed to the science of epidemiology. List, in order of occurrence (earliest to most recent event), the following developments that contributed to this science. a) Germ theory, pasteurization, and antiseptic surgery b) Person, place, and time examined for influence on health c) Appearance of Ebola virus and drug-resistant forms of old diseases d) Effective vaccinations, immunizations, and mass screening programs implemented - correct answers.B, A, D, C A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of a purified protein derivative (PPD) test in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest X-ray. Which measure will help the nurse address the validity of the test? a)Reliability b)Sensitivity c)specificity d)variation - correct answers.B Validity of a screening test is measured by sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity quantifies how accurately the test identifies those with the condition or trait. It represents the proportion of persons with the disease whom the test correctly identifies as positive (true positives). High sensitivity is needed when early treatment is important and when identification of every case is important.