UPDATED 2024/2025 KAREN FLOYD ABDOMINAL PAIN CASE STUDY I-HUMAN CASE STUDY (provides all answers and rationale with the most accurate responses)

The management plan for Karen Floyd, a 45-year-old female with IBS, includes; • Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, stress reduction, and adequate sleep • Dietary changes such as a fiber-rich and low FODMAP diet, and adequate hydration • Medication such as antispasmodics, probiotics, and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy or gut-directed hypnotherapy. • Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed. Step-by-step explanation • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both. These symptoms are not caused by an underlying structural or biochemical abnormality but are due to alterations in the way the gut and brain interact, which can lead to abnormal gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and immune activation (Chey et al., 2015). The severity and frequency of IBS symptoms can vary widely from person to person, and may be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, certain foods or drinks, hormonal changes, or medications. For example, some people with IBS may experience worsening symptoms after consuming high-fat foods, caffeine, alcohol, or artificial sweeteners, while others may have symptoms triggered by emotional stress, such as anxiety or depression (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2022). • The management plan for IBS typically involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication. Here's a management plan for Karen Floyd, a 45-year-old female with abdominal pain: • Lifestyle modifications: 1. Regular exercise: Regular physical activity can improve bowel function and reduce stress, which can alleviate symptoms of IBS. Karen can aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, most days of the week. Examples of exercises that