NASM Personal Training Certification Exam Questions and 100% Correct Solutions

Muscle imbalances - alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Obesity - The condition of being considerably overweight, and refers to a person with a body mass index of 30 or greater, or who is at least 30 pounds over his or her recommended weight What is the BMI of a typical obese individual? - 30 or greater Refers to a person with a body mass index of 25-29.9 or who is between 25-30 pounds over the recommended weight - overweight These are also known as cholesterol and triglycerides and are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as HDL and LDL - blood lipids chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins - diabetes mellitus a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability - deconditioned the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body positions and limb movement - proprioception an unstable physical situation in which exercises are performed that cause the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms (Examples include using stability balls and single-leg squats versus traditional) - proprioceptively enriched movement smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training - phases of training a muscle's ability to contract for an extended period - muscular endurance the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion - neuromuscular efficiency What is the first phase of training that should be completed before anything else to prevent injury and/or tension at the joints? - stabilization training the muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power - prime mover set of two exercises that are performed back-to-back without any rest time between them - superset What type of training should done by individuals with a goal of maximal muscle growth? - Hypertrophy training ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time - rate of force production the combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems - human movement systems a conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body - nervous system the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment - sensory function the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response - integrative function the neuromuscular response to the sensory information - motor function the functional unit of the nervous system - neuron These neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites via receptors to the brain and spinal cord -- respond to touch, sound, light and other stimuli - sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another - interneurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites - motor neurons the portion of the nervous system the consists of the brain and spinal cord - central nervous system cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body - peripheral nervous system sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion and pressure in body tissues - mechanoreceptors receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change - muscle spindles receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change - golgi tendon organs receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and declaration of the joint - joint receptors the body's framework, composed of bones and joints - skeletal system provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs - bones junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs - joints portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column - axial skeleton portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities - appendicular skeleton The "link" between the axial and appendicular skeletons - pelvic girdle the process of resorption and formation of bone - remodeling a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue - osteoclasts a type of cell that is responsible for bone formation - osteoblasts the end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production - epiphysis the shaft portion of a long bone - diaphysis the region of a long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis -- a layer of cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs - epiphyseal plate a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone - periosteum the central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored - medullar cavity cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bone - articular cartilage flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites - depressions projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach - processes a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord - vertebral column 1st seven vertebrae starting at the top of the spinal column - cervical spine twelve vertebrae located in the upper/middle back behind the ribs - thoracic spine five vertebrae of the low back below the thoracic spine - lumbar spine triangular bone located below the lumbar spine - sacrum located below the sacrum, more commonly known as the tailbone - coccyx more specific term for joint motion - anthrokinematics