Fresenius CCHT review exam 64 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Fresenius CCHT review exam 64 Questions with Verified Answers The functional unit of the kidney that does the work - CORRECT ANSWER Nephron A nephron is made up of - CORRECT ANSWER A glomerulus and a tubule The endrocrine functions of the kidney include - CORRECT ANSWER making erythropoietin and the active for of Vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for adults in the U.S. - CORRECT ANSWER Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by - CORRECT ANSWER HyperPhosphatemia Why do kideny patients often have bone disease - CORRECT ANSWER Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include - CORRECT ANSWER Anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that - CORRECT ANSWER allows for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles - CORRECT ANSWER from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Negative Pressure is pressure created when - CORRECT ANSWER fluid is pulled through a restriction During Dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when - CORRECT ANSWER Water is removed from the blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate at which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure - CORRECT ANSWER The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of the solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane - CORRECT ANSWER High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include - CORRECT ANSWER Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include - CORRECT ANSWER Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What might be prescribed for a dialysate solution - CORRECT ANSWER Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures - CORRECT ANSWER the total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause - CORRECT ANSWER Headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of the red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause - CORRECT ANSWER Vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause - CORRECT ANSWER low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of Red Blood Cells Things that can affect dailysis adequacy include - CORRECT ANSWER time on treatment, Blood and dialysate flow rates, dialyzer clotting normal body temperature taken orally - CORRECT ANSWER 98.6 degrees F the instrument used for measuring blood pressure is called - CORRECT ANSWER Sphygmomanometer a rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has - CORRECT ANSWER tachycardia Seizures during dialysis maybe caused by - CORRECT ANSWER Electrolyte imbalance, Hypotension, Dialysate composition errors the normal range for a resting pulse rate in an adult is - CORRECT ANSWER 60 to 100 beats/min what will cause an increase in venous pressure during Dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER venous needle infiltraiton you suspect clotting in the dialyzer. The FIRST action you should take is to - CORRECT ANSWER Rinse the dialyzer with normal saline If there is a decrease in the patient's URR or Kt/V, which of the following factors should be looked at? - CORRECT ANSWER Increased access recirculation, Diminished dialyzer performance due to reprocessing, inadequate anticoagulation of the blood, blood pump speed What is the first symptom that a pt is developing Dialysis disequilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER headache a pt who is fluid overloaded will probably have what set of symptoms (mild or severe) - CORRECT ANSWER Tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea "First Use Syndrome" is a hypersensitivity reaction to a dialyzer, characterized by - CORRECT ANSWER Back pain, anxiety, tachycardia, wheezing, circulatory collapse Dialyzer performance can be affected by reuse, what problems may occur - CORRECT ANSWER Reduced dialyzer performance, plugged hollow fibers, changed fiber bundle volume AAMI standards recommend quality control activities before a reprocessed dialyzer is used on a pt. How many people must check the dialyzer to verify it - CORRECT ANSWER 2 people, one of whom should be the patient what are symptoms of chemical reaction due to incomplete rinsing of the germicide from a reprocessed dialyzer - CORRECT ANSWER Burning in the access site, numbness in the access arm, Blurred vision Diayzers are processed before use to rise our manufacturing residues and to - CORRECT ANSWER Establish the original fiber bundle volume of the dialyzer and check for leaks what are the criteria for rejecting a reprocessed dialyzer - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 80% of original fiber bundle volume, aesthetic appearance AAMI - CORRECT ANSWER recommends voluntary standards for dialysis water treatment According to AAMI standards, bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate should take place - CORRECT ANSWER Monthly According to AAMI standards, the total microbial count of water used to prepare dialysate shall not exceed - CORRECT ANSWER 200 CFU/mL What are signs of Stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in the thrill and bruit 4 types of anastomosis for an internal arteriovenous fistula - CORRECT ANSWER Artery side to Vein side Artery end to Vein end Artery side to Vein end Artery end to Vein side Anastomodsis - CORRECT ANSWER Surgical conncetion between two blood vessels Bruit - CORRECT ANSWER Buzzing, Swooshing sound heard in a fistula pr graft Thrill - CORRECT ANSWER vibration from pulse of blood heard in a fistula or graft Stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER narrowing of a blood vessel Thrombosis - CORRECT ANSWER blood clotting Aneurysm - CORRECT ANSWER Ballooning of a weak spot in a blood vessel wall infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER a needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue Catheter placement - CORRECT ANSWER internal jugular vein is the preferred insertion site for both temporary and long term catheters Why is the artrivenous fistula preferable choice for the vascular access - CORRECT ANSWER fistulae have the lowest rates of primary failure of all known accesses during the dialysis treatment what would indicate a break in integrity of the extracorporeal circuit - CORRECT ANSWER the appearance of air or foam in any bloodline During Dialysis pt should be monitored for what complications - CORRECT ANSWER Separation of bloodlines or rupture of an access The presence of air or foam in the line Bleeding around the needle or catheter exit sites Sudden changes in blood flow or venous pressure or line collapse poor blood flow during dialysis in pt with catheters is often due to - CORRECT ANSWER a blood clot poor placement of the catheter within the blood vessel a fibrin sheath that has formed around the catheter a dialyzer with a ultrafiltration coefficient of 12, (Kuf of 12) and a TMP of 120 wil remove how many fluids per hour - CORRECT ANSWER 1440 what do you do in a venous needle infiltrated - CORRECT ANSWER insert a second needle above the venous infiltration Your pt orders are for a 17 gauge needle, you know that - CORRECT ANSWER he will only be able to attain a 250 m/min -300 mL/min QB (BFR) The only professional organization in the country just for dailysis technicians is - CORRECT ANSWER The National Association of Nephrology Technicians Addressing a pt as "Sweetie" - CORRECT ANSWER is inappropriate because it can make the patient feel dependent on you The pt's access site had bleed for 30 mins after the needle removal for the last 3 treatments with no change in the heparin prescription, there has also been a steady increase in VP during treatment, what do you suspect - CORRECT ANSWER Venous Stenosis Steps for creating a buttonhole - CORRECT ANSWER Remove the scab, cannulate the same site at the same angle, by the same caregiver with sharp needles for 3-4 weeks to create a tunnel The venous pressure on a dialysis machine starts to rise but the venous needle is not infiltrated ... - CORRECT ANSWER Clotting of the venous or arterial line Factors that affect peritoneal membrane permeability include - CORRECT ANSWER peritonitis infection