ESL Certification Exam questions with correct answers

Lau vs. Nichols Answer 1974- The US Supreme Court decision which found the San Francisco Board of Education failing in the duty of providing equal access to education of Chinese speaking students. This decision mandates that states address the unique language needs of the second language learner. Must take steps needed to provide EL's with an instructional program and be given equal access. Castaneda vs. Pickard Answer A 1978 case establishing that effectiveness of an ESL program must be evaluated after a trial period, must be based on sound educational theory, and must have resources necessary. Three prongs What are the three Prongs for Castaneda vs. Pickard Answer 1. Based on sound educational research 2. Implemented with adequate commitment and resources 3. Evaluated and proven to be effective. Grammatical Approach Answer Deductive- Part to whole- Classical Greek and Latin Instruction Communicative approach Answer Inductive Whole to part- 1960's - 1970's constructivism and social interaction Cognitive Approach Answer Inductive Whole to part- 1980's-1990's researching on learning functions memory and cognitive