PEAT practice exam #1 COPY2 -2023
The MOST important precaution for preventing a nosocomial infection is:
1. wearing a mask.
2. wearing gloves.
3. proper hand washing.
4. maintaining a sterile field. - ANSWER 3. proper hand washing.
(Contact transmission is the most frequent source of nosocomial infection, and
occurs primarily because of poor hand washing between treatment of different
patients)
A physical therapist assistant is instructing a patient in prone shoulder extension
using a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight. What type of muscular contraction of the latissimus
dorsi is involved when the patient extends from 0° to 30°?
1. Isometric
2. Isokinetic
3. Concentric
4. Eccentric - ANSWER 3. Concentric
(1 = Isometric exercises occur when a muscle contracts and produces force without
an appreciable change in length of the muscle and without visible joint motion;
2 = Isokinetic exercises occur when the joint angular velocity is predetermined and
held constant by a rate-limiting device;
3 = The latissimus dorsi extends, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates the
shoulder. Moving the shoulder from 0° to 30° of extension will shorten the muscle
fibers of the latissimus dorsi. Concentric movements produce increased tension
and physical shortening of a muscle as an external resistance is overcome, as when
lifting a weight;
4 = Eccentric contractions produce a physical lengthening of a muscle as when
lowering a weight, not lifting a weight)
A patient with a recent history of immobilization has a new onset of unilateral leg
,swelling with dependent edema. This condition is MOST likely due to:
1. congestive heart failure.
2. peripheral arterial disease.
3. deep vein thrombosis.
4. lymphedema. - ANSWER 3. deep vein thrombosis.
(1 = Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom of
deep vein thrombosis, not congestive heart failure;
2 = Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral vascular
disease/peripheral arterial disease; swelling is not a symptom;
4 = Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom of
deep vein thrombosis, not lymphedema)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is CONTRAINDICATED for use on a
patient:
1. with a demand pacemaker.
2. with a history of stable angina.
3. with terminal cancer.
4. who is pregnant during labor. - ANSWER 1. with a demand pacemaker.
(2 and 3 are not contraindications;
4 = Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can be performed to treat a
pregnant patient but may not be used over the uterus. Electrical stimulation may
be used for pain relief during labor.)
A patient correctly demonstrated home exercises to strengthen quadriceps and
hip flexors. This data should be included in which section of the documentation?
1. Subjective
2. Objective
3. Assessment
4. Plan - ANSWER 2. Objective
,(1. The subjective section includes information provided by the patient.;
2. The objective section provides objectively measurable information and
observations. If the patient can demonstrate exercises properly, this is an
observation and should be documented in this section.;
3. The assessment section is used to provide the examiner's interpretation of the
patient's condition.;
4. The plan section includes the proposed plan of care and the intended
interventions.)
Which of the following types of wound dressings is BEST for a dry wound bed with
exposed tendon?
1. Biosynthetic
2. Hydrocolloid
3. Alginate
4. Hydrogel - ANSWER 4. Hydrogel
(1. Biosynthetics are typically reserved for burns, to provide rapid closure and
normal skin function. A dry wound bed requires a dressing that will add moisture,
not just prevent evaporation.;
2. Hydrocolloids should not be used on dry wounds, because their main purpose is
to slowly absorb moisture. Hydrocolloids do not supply moisture to a wound bed.;
3. Alginates absorb moisture and should not be used on wounds with exposed
tendon, because alginates can desiccate tissues with high collagen content;
4. Hydrogels are nonadhesive and supply moisture to the wound bed. They do not
dry out exposed tendon or bone.)
The symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, pruritus, and peripheral neuropathy are
MOST consistent with which of the following disorders?
1. Type 2 diabetes
2. Lymphedema
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - ANSWER 1. Type 2 diabetes
, (2. The clinical presentation of lymphedema includes swelling, pitting edema,
fatigue, tightness of the involved extremity, discomfort, loss of
mobility/range-of-motion, and fibrotic changes of the dermis;
3. Signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction include pain similar to that for
angina pectoris, heaviness or a tight feeling of the chest, nausea and vomiting,
light-headedness, dyspnea, and hypotension;
4. Clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes chronic
cough, expectoration, and exertional dyspnea)
A patient with burns to 35% of total body surface area reports drinking large
quantities of water throughout the day. Which of the following conditions is the
patient at GREATEST risk of developing?
1. Hypermagnesemia
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Hypokalemia
4. Hyponatremia - ANSWER 4. Hyponatremia
(1. Hypermagnesemia can result from severe dehydration or overuse of
magnesium-based antacids/laxatives;
2. Hypercalcemia is the result of excessive uptake of calcium either through
supplements or due to adrenal insufficiency;
3. Although patients who have extensive burns can develop hypokalemia as a
result of their injuries, it is not developed as a result of drinking too much water;
4. Drinking too much water without the appropriate electrolyte balance can cause
a severe drop in sodium levels. Low sodium levels are described by the term
hyponatremia.)
Which of the following activities should be AVOIDED by a patient who is at risk of
developing lymphedema?
1. Exercising in a hot environment
2. Exercising with light resistance
3. Exercising in a cool environment
4. Exercising while wearing compression garments - ANSWER 1. Exercising in a
The MOST important precaution for preventing a nosocomial infection is:
1. wearing a mask.
2. wearing gloves.
3. proper hand washing.
4. maintaining a sterile field. - ANSWER 3. proper hand washing.
(Contact transmission is the most frequent source of nosocomial infection, and
occurs primarily because of poor hand washing between treatment of different
patients)
A physical therapist assistant is instructing a patient in prone shoulder extension
using a 5-lb (2.3-kg) weight. What type of muscular contraction of the latissimus
dorsi is involved when the patient extends from 0° to 30°?
1. Isometric
2. Isokinetic
3. Concentric
4. Eccentric - ANSWER 3. Concentric
(1 = Isometric exercises occur when a muscle contracts and produces force without
an appreciable change in length of the muscle and without visible joint motion;
2 = Isokinetic exercises occur when the joint angular velocity is predetermined and
held constant by a rate-limiting device;
3 = The latissimus dorsi extends, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates the
shoulder. Moving the shoulder from 0° to 30° of extension will shorten the muscle
fibers of the latissimus dorsi. Concentric movements produce increased tension
and physical shortening of a muscle as an external resistance is overcome, as when
lifting a weight;
4 = Eccentric contractions produce a physical lengthening of a muscle as when
lowering a weight, not lifting a weight)
A patient with a recent history of immobilization has a new onset of unilateral leg
,swelling with dependent edema. This condition is MOST likely due to:
1. congestive heart failure.
2. peripheral arterial disease.
3. deep vein thrombosis.
4. lymphedema. - ANSWER 3. deep vein thrombosis.
(1 = Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom of
deep vein thrombosis, not congestive heart failure;
2 = Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral vascular
disease/peripheral arterial disease; swelling is not a symptom;
4 = Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with dependent edema is a symptom of
deep vein thrombosis, not lymphedema)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is CONTRAINDICATED for use on a
patient:
1. with a demand pacemaker.
2. with a history of stable angina.
3. with terminal cancer.
4. who is pregnant during labor. - ANSWER 1. with a demand pacemaker.
(2 and 3 are not contraindications;
4 = Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can be performed to treat a
pregnant patient but may not be used over the uterus. Electrical stimulation may
be used for pain relief during labor.)
A patient correctly demonstrated home exercises to strengthen quadriceps and
hip flexors. This data should be included in which section of the documentation?
1. Subjective
2. Objective
3. Assessment
4. Plan - ANSWER 2. Objective
,(1. The subjective section includes information provided by the patient.;
2. The objective section provides objectively measurable information and
observations. If the patient can demonstrate exercises properly, this is an
observation and should be documented in this section.;
3. The assessment section is used to provide the examiner's interpretation of the
patient's condition.;
4. The plan section includes the proposed plan of care and the intended
interventions.)
Which of the following types of wound dressings is BEST for a dry wound bed with
exposed tendon?
1. Biosynthetic
2. Hydrocolloid
3. Alginate
4. Hydrogel - ANSWER 4. Hydrogel
(1. Biosynthetics are typically reserved for burns, to provide rapid closure and
normal skin function. A dry wound bed requires a dressing that will add moisture,
not just prevent evaporation.;
2. Hydrocolloids should not be used on dry wounds, because their main purpose is
to slowly absorb moisture. Hydrocolloids do not supply moisture to a wound bed.;
3. Alginates absorb moisture and should not be used on wounds with exposed
tendon, because alginates can desiccate tissues with high collagen content;
4. Hydrogels are nonadhesive and supply moisture to the wound bed. They do not
dry out exposed tendon or bone.)
The symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, pruritus, and peripheral neuropathy are
MOST consistent with which of the following disorders?
1. Type 2 diabetes
2. Lymphedema
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - ANSWER 1. Type 2 diabetes
, (2. The clinical presentation of lymphedema includes swelling, pitting edema,
fatigue, tightness of the involved extremity, discomfort, loss of
mobility/range-of-motion, and fibrotic changes of the dermis;
3. Signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction include pain similar to that for
angina pectoris, heaviness or a tight feeling of the chest, nausea and vomiting,
light-headedness, dyspnea, and hypotension;
4. Clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes chronic
cough, expectoration, and exertional dyspnea)
A patient with burns to 35% of total body surface area reports drinking large
quantities of water throughout the day. Which of the following conditions is the
patient at GREATEST risk of developing?
1. Hypermagnesemia
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Hypokalemia
4. Hyponatremia - ANSWER 4. Hyponatremia
(1. Hypermagnesemia can result from severe dehydration or overuse of
magnesium-based antacids/laxatives;
2. Hypercalcemia is the result of excessive uptake of calcium either through
supplements or due to adrenal insufficiency;
3. Although patients who have extensive burns can develop hypokalemia as a
result of their injuries, it is not developed as a result of drinking too much water;
4. Drinking too much water without the appropriate electrolyte balance can cause
a severe drop in sodium levels. Low sodium levels are described by the term
hyponatremia.)
Which of the following activities should be AVOIDED by a patient who is at risk of
developing lymphedema?
1. Exercising in a hot environment
2. Exercising with light resistance
3. Exercising in a cool environment
4. Exercising while wearing compression garments - ANSWER 1. Exercising in a
