NURSING 250 2023 with verified questions and answers

Florence Nightingale - correct answeropened training school in England; believed there was a difference btwn nursing and medicine; created freestanding nursing education, published books about Nursing and Health care, FOUNDER OF MODERN NURSING Clara Barton - correct answercare and feed wounded Union soldiers during the civil war; supervisor nurse for the Army of James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the US in 1882 Dorothea Dix - correct answerserved as the superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; pioneer crusader for the reform of the treatment of mentally ill, recruited and equipped a corps of army nurses Linda Richards - correct answerthe first trained nurse in the US and established the practice of record keepings (Superintendent) Mary Elizabeth Maloney - correct answerAmerica's first African American Nurse, graduated from the New England Hospital Mary Adelaide Nutting - correct answerpublished 4 volumes called the "History of Nursing", became the first professor of Nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teacher's College, Columbia Mary Breckenridge - correct answerestablished one of the first midwifery school in the US Nora Gertrude Livingston - correct answerestablished the first 3 year nursing program in North America LPN - correct answerLicense Practional Nurse-; practical and vocational nursing education, under RN, 1 year of education, work under supervision of RN and physician, nursing home/hospital/long term care facilities, CANNNOT function on their own Diploma - correct answerhospital based specifically, 2-3 year program, first nursing program that you got some type of formal education, foundation in the biologic and social sciences with strong emphasis on clinical experience in direct patient care Graduates work in acute, long-term and ambulatory health care facilities -sciences, theory, practical (first nursing programs) ASSOCIATE - correct answer2 year program, focuses on technical skills, attracting more non traditional students (men, minorities) BS - correct answer4 year university setting, (most organizations recommend entry level to be bachelors), (what we are in); direct members of the health care development team; required for many administrative, managerial and community health positions Masters - correct answeradvanced practice levels (midwives and nurse practitioner), managerial roles, clinical specialists, educational settings Doctorate - correct answerresearch to help change or perfect practice and theory (DPN) -PH D is research based Second Degree programs - correct answeralready have a BA/BS in something→ go back to school -common in education field (nurse educator), accelerated program, only lasts like months to years Inservice - correct answereducation and training for employees of their institution or organization, designed to increase the knowledge and skills of the nursing staff Ex:) learning a specific skill or how to use new equipment CE : Continuing Education - correct answerneed to do it to maintain your license -professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health ex:) courses, seminars, and workshops Health - correct answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social state, not merely the absence of disease or illness; state of optimal functioning - defined by each individual person---everyone looks at health differently—not a uniform definition - often a subjective state—a person may be medically diagnosed with an illness but still consider oneself health ILLNESS - correct answerresponse of a person to a disease. Causes a change in body makeup and the way they function -unique for each person and is influenced by self-perceptions, other perceptions, the effects of changes in body structure and function, the effects of those changes in body structure and function, the effects of those changes on roles and relationships, and cultural and spiritual values and beliefs Wellness - correct answeractive state of doing something; form of lifestyle (regardless of health) Agent Host Environment - correct answerLEAUELL AND CLARK; environment, agent, and host all work together!!! All interact to create potential risks for disease—esp. environment; Stay stable, stay well High Level Wellness Model - correct answerDUNN; BEING: individually what's best for you, recognizing oneself as separate & individual BELONGING: being part of a whole, a part of something (family) BECOMING: growing and developing, accept what's given to you/challenges BEFITTING: making personal choices to befit oneself for the future, look towards the future and want to grow **have to balance btwn these; all affect the person's state of being while striving to reach max potential Health Belief Model - correct answerROSENSTOCK; The idea: PERCEPTION; what people perceive or believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health -What they perceive their health is, what they are concerned over for themselves, do they perceive that doing something will make them better Based on 3 components of individual perceptions of threat of a diease: 1. perceived susceptibility to a disease 2. perceived seriousness of a disease 3. perceived benefits of actions -affected by age, gender, sociopsychological variables (personality and peer pressure) and structural variables (knowledge) Health Promotion Model - correct answerPENDER; How people interact with their environment and how that affects their state of health Ex:) their experiences, knowledge, self-esteem Affected by: age, gender, strength, self esteem, perceived health status, definition of health, acculturation, and socioeconomic status Health-Illness continuum - correct answerOne side is bad (DEATH) , one is good (HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS) (On opposite ends of scale) —everything fluctuates--- HEALTH IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING ever-changing state of health as a person adapts to changes in the environments to maintain a state of well being IMAGE - correct answerIntroduce yourself Medications Assess Goals should be set with the patient (so they have an active goal with you) Educate and explain Jean Watson's Theory of Caring - correct answer4 major CONCEPTS Human Being Health Environment Nursing Culture - correct answerShared system of beliefs, values, behavioral expectations Subculture - correct answerLarge group of people who are members of a larger cultural group Have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics not common to the larger culture nursing=subculture of health care system teenagers=subculture of the general population AUTOCRATIC leadership - correct answerdirective, complete control dominating, no consideration; old way of thinking; nobody else is contributing—bad, not always used today DEMOCRATIC leadership - correct answerparticipative, equal between leader and others; shared, meeting -MUTUALLY work together!!! Equality, staff under leaders have a say. EX:) Staff meeting Laissez-faire leadership - correct answernon directive, leader lets group have control, not common in HC -not the most acceptable mode Transformational leadership - correct answerinspire and motivate, open communication -THERES MOTIVATION AND INSPIRATION INVOLVED, hopefully a task will result in a reward, but there's more motivation Transactional leadership - correct answertask and reward, you do a good job, you get rewarded for it Situational leadership - correct answerdepends on situation at hand, influence style used depends on what's thrown at you Quantum leadership - correct answerMust communicate w each other Be open for criticism Look to see what routines are to be changed Are new needs being met **big, more elaborate, positive&negative Functional nursing - correct answerassembly line, everyone has specific taks; ex:) one nurse does the meds, one does the assessments, one does the IV Team nursing - correct answer: give individual care, but work together as a team, similar to functional, but one nurse may have more than 1 task Total care or case nursing - correct answertotal care/ patient-centered Primary nursing - correct answerplan/evaluate /direct/24/7 you're their main caregiver, you develop their plan of care, so for 24/7 you are making sure everything is ok—even when they are not on the clock Case management - correct answer: interdisciplinary- social worker, speech therapist, psychologist: look at the case together, manage it, make sure they get what they need Patient-centered care - correct answercross functional—not so popular anymore Collaborative practice - correct answerNursing and any provider that can prescribe orders for them(doctor, nurse practicioner, PA) the 5 rights of delegation - correct answerRight task Right circumstances Right person Right direction/communication Right supervision Nursing Care That Should Never Be Delegated Except to an RN - correct answerInitial and ongoing nursing assessment of patient Determination of nursing diagnosis, plan, progress, and evaluation of care delivered to patient Supervision and education of nursing personnel; patient teaching requiring assessment of the patient's educational needs Any other nursing intervention requiring professional nursing knowledge, judgment, or skill SOLER method in therapeutic communication - correct answerS: STANCE; standing or sitting O: OPEN L: LEANING IN and listening E: EYE CONTACT R: RESTFUL, RELAXED RULE acronym in motivational interviewing - correct answerR: Resisting the writing reflex U: Understand the patient's own feelings L: Listen (with empathy, sympathy, and a caring attitude) E: Empower the patient SBAR communication technique (handing off technique--handing off method of communication) - correct answerS: SITUATION; the first area where you communicate with someone—share info from shift to shift---about people you are taking care of B: BACKGROUND; background info about that patient; the patient is confused/angry A: ASSESSMENT: assessment of something you don't like seeing, when using a report: R: RECOMMENDATION; make recommendation to the provider; QSEN - correct answerQuality and Safety Education for Nurses QSEN competencies - correct answer-PT centered care -teamwork/collaboration -EBP -Quality Improvement -Safety -Informatics KSA - correct answerKnowledge Skills Attitude WIPES - correct answerWash your hands Introduce yourself Provide privacy Explain procedures&educate patient Smile TEACH - correct answerT - tune into the patient E - edit patient information A - act on every teaching moment C - clarify often H - honor the patient as partner in the education process COPE - correct answerC - creativity O - optimism P - planning E - expert information