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ASTMA SAMENVATTING (les 3&4)

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Uitgebreide samenvatting over astma (les 3 en 4) o.b.v. de lessen en PPT.

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Astma
Definitie
= heterogene AD, gekenmerkt door chr. LW-ontsteking met Sy die wisselen qua
intensiteit & in de tijd. Er is een variabele beperking van de luchtstroom bij uitademing.

Prevalentie
 België: 15% van alle kinderen (meer jongens)
8% vd volwassenen (meer vrouwen > T heeft een beschermend effect)
 Alle leeftijden
 >1000 doden/ dag (deze zijn te voorkomen door snelle diagnose en goede R/)

Pathofysio
Risicofactoren

RF vd gast RF vd omgeving
- Geslacht (meer jongens vs meer - Allergenen (binnen-buiten* -
vrouwen) beroep**)
- Genetische predispo - Tabak (A&P)
- Atopie - Luchtvervuiling
- Bronchiale hyperreactiviteit - Zwaarlijvigheid
- Respiratoire infecties (hygiene
theory)
- SES
- Borstvoeding (beschermend)
Chronische LW-inflammatie
SYMPTOMEN




Bronchiale hyperreactiviteit LW-vernauwing
(BHR) + PRIKKEL
Uitlokkende prikkels (KUNNEN OPSTOOT GEVEN => VERMIJDEN (m.u.v. sport))
1. Specifiek: allergenen (IgE gemedieerd)
2. Aspecifiek
- inspanning - luchtvervuiling - medicatie (aspec. B-blokker,
cholinergica,
- respi infectie - psychologisch
aspirine, NSAID -> APA-Sy)
Pathologie
o Verdikking bronchiale wand (oedeem van (sub)mucosa)
o Hypertrofie en hyperplasie gladde spieren
vernauwing LW
o Meer slijmbekercellen -> meer bronchiale secreties (taai) -> prop
o Meer ontstekingscellen (eosino, T-lymfo, mastcellen, monocyten,…)
o Minder trilhaar- & meer slijmbekercellen-> verstoord en fragiel epitheel
o Remodeling (depositie ECM onder BM)

* pollen (voorjaar: boom, zomer: gras, najaar: onkruid) en schimmels / gisten (aspergillus
in compost)

1

, ** beroepsastma – denk hieraan als Sy beginnen als volwassene (isocynaten (verf),
bakkers, katoen, …)




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Uploaded on
August 18, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
Type
SUMMARY

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