Unit 1: Biochemistry Test with correct answers 2023-24

Unit 1: Biochemistry Test Carbohydrate - correct answer Key source of energy, contain C, H, and O Monosaccharide (Simple Sugar) - correct answer Building blocks of carbohydrates, single molecule of sugar (glucose) Disaccharide - correct answer Two simple sugars combined together (table sugar) Polysaccharide - correct answer Three or more simple sugars combined together (starch, cellulose, glycogen) Lipid - correct answer Insoluble in water, stores energy, contains C, H and O, important in cell membrane structure and function Phospholipid - correct answer Cell membrane Fats - correct answer Lipids that store energy, saturated (solids), unsaturated (liquids) Steroids - correct answer Cholesterol, sex hormones Proteins - correct answer 1. Building and burning molecules 2. Contain C, H, O, and N 3. Amino acids are basic building blocks of proteins 4. Enzymes are important proteins 5. Play important role in interactions in cellular processes Nucleic Acids - correct answer Long chains of smaller molecules called nucleotides. (Contain sugar, nitrogen base and phosphate) DNA v. RNA (Nucleic Acid) - correct answer DNA stores genetic information RNA role in manufacturing proteins Energy - correct answer The ability to move or change matter, can be stored or released by chemical reactions ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - correct answer Energy molecule that can store or release energy for a cell Enzymes - correct answer 1. Special proteins that help speed up chemical reactions (catalyst) 2. Act on specific substrates to help in a chemical reaction 3. Increase speed of reactions by lowering activation energy Enzymes in Chemical Reaction - correct answer 1. Each substrate fits into an enzyme active site 2. Enzymes are reusable 3. Temp, pH, and concentration of substrates affect enzyme activity Active Site - correct answer A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds the substrate to the active site Induced Fit - correct answer A change in the shape of an enzymes active site, induced by the substrate Temperature & pH Effect on Enzymes - correct answer 1. High temp are the most dangerous reactions and denature enzymes. Enzymes like 37° C 2. Enzymes like a pH from 6-8 Atom - correct answer Smallest piece of matter, consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons Element - correct answer Pure substances consisting of one type of atom Compound - correct answer Consist of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds Covalent Bonds - correct answer Sharing of electrons (molecules) Ionic Bonds - correct answer Transfer of electrons Hydrogen Bonds - correct answer Weak chemical attraction between polar molecules (+ & -) Polarity - correct answer A molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed The Scientific Method - correct answer 1. Problem/Question 2. Observation/Research 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Collect/Analyze Results 6. Conclusion 7. Communicate Results Cohesion - correct answer Attraction between molecules of the same substance Adhesion - correct answer Attraction between molecules of different substances Solute v. Solvent - correct answer Solute is being dissolved Solvent is the dissolving medium Molecule - correct answer A compound that contains only covalent bonds Acid vs. Base - correct answer Acids are compounds that dissociate to release H+ Bases are compounds that increase OH- concentration Metabolism - correct answer The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in cells Protein Test - correct answer Biuret Solution (-) Blue (+) Lavender, Black Simple CarbohydrateTest - correct answer Benedict's Solution (-) Blue (+) Orange Complex Carbohydrate Test - correct answer Iodine (IKI) (-) Brown (+) Black Lipid Test - correct answer Sudan IV (-) Dark Red (+) Red/Orange Substrate Concentration on Enzyme Reaction - correct answer More substrate concentration, faster enzyme reaction pH Level on Enzyme Reaction - correct answer Faster reaction when pH is between 6 and 8