Biochem Flashcards with correct answers %

Biochem Flashcards 100% Physical Property - correct answer Description of shape, mass, and volume Chemical Property - correct answer A property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity Element - correct answer Any of over 100 substances that can not be separated to become simpler, and singly or in combination make up all matter. Atom - correct answer Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element. Nucleus - correct answer The microscopic, positively charged central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons, also orbited by electrons. Mixture - correct answer Combination of substances which individuals retain individual property. Solution - correct answer Mixture of one or more solutes evenly distributed in a solvent. Solute - correct answer The substance evenly distributed in the solvent to form a mixture. Solvent - correct answer Holds dissolved substance in a mixture; most of the time, it is water. pH - correct answer Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. Acid - correct answer Describes a substance with a pH below 7. Base - correct answer Describes a substance with pH above 7. Polar Molecule - correct answer A molecule with a pair of equal and opposite charges. Hydrogen Bond - correct answer Chemical bonding in which two molecules link together by one or more hydrogen atoms. Cohesion - correct answer The attraction of similar molecules. Adhesion - correct answer The attraction of dissimilar molecules. Isomer - correct answer A compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Monomer - correct answer a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers Polymer - correct answer A molecule composed of repeating structural units. Carbohydrates - correct answer An organic compound consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the food group consisting of sugars and starches. Monosaccharides - correct answer The simplest group of carbohydrates. Disaccharide - correct answer Any carbohydrates that have two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis. Polysaccharides - correct answer Any class of carbohydrates containing chains of disaccharide molecules. Lipid - correct answer Organic compound that can't dissolve in water; it is an essential structure component of living cells. Saturated Fat - correct answer Type of fat shown to increase the risk of heart disease; solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fat - correct answer A fat found most often in fish and vegetables; is considered relatively healthier than some other fats. Protein - correct answer Organic compounds made up of amino acids arranged in a linear chain. Amino Acid - correct answer A chemical building block of proteins. Peptide Bond - correct answer A covalent bond linking two amino acids together Enzyme - correct answer Proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Nucleic Acid - correct answer A substance composed of nucleotide chains that is a vital component of all living cells. (DNA + RNA) Nucleotide - correct answer The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA. DNA - correct answer The long, linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus of a cell, formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information. RNA - correct answer The long, linear polymer of nucleotides found in the cytoplasm of a cell; associated with the transmission of genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm, controlling certain chemical processes in the cell. Chemical Equation - correct answer The means of writing out and describing chemical reactions. Reactant - correct answer A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. Product - correct answer The result of an act or process in a chemical reaction. Dehydration Synthesis - correct answer A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Hydrolysis - correct answer A chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds. Substrate - correct answer The substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment. Active Site - correct answer The part of the enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs Neutron - correct answer Makes up part of the nucleus; has no charge. Proton - correct answer Makes up part of the nucleus; has a positive charge. Electron - correct answer Orbits the nucleus; has a negative charge. Atomic Number - correct answer The number of protons in a nucleus Atomic Mass - correct answer The sum of the number of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus of the atom. Atomic Symbol - correct answer A standard chemical abbreviation of an element generally assigned in relation to its Latin name. Chemical Bond - correct answer Two or more atoms chemically bonded together. Molecular Formula - correct answer Uses atomic symbols to represent atoms bound together in a compound. Covalent Bond - correct answer A bond in which atoms share electrons. Ion - correct answer An electrically charged particle; protons and electrons. Ionic Bond - correct answer Attractive force between ions of opposite charge.