Pharmacology Final Exam Review; Questions & Answers: Updated Guide Solution

The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What is the term for this concept? (Ans- Pharmacodynamics (drug impacts body) Which incorrect statement by a new nurse indicates that further study is needed? (Ans- Drugs are defined as substances that have been FDA approved. What are the three most important characteristics that any drug can have? Select all that apply (Ans- -effectiveness (does it work or not) -safety -selectivity Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics? (Ans- "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed." What are the 4 process of pharmacokinetics? (Ans- -absorption -distribution -metabolism -excretion What does the nurse review when studying the impact a drug has on the body? (Ans- he drug's pharmacodynamics The nurse teaches a patient not to consume alcohol with nitroglycerin, because blood pressure often drops significantly when nitroglycerin is taken with alcohol. Which drug property does this illustrate? (Ans- Drug Interaction Prior to administering drug X to treat a patient's high blood pressure, the nurse reviews information about the drug. The nurse finds that it reduces blood pressure without serious harmful effects, but it also causes the patient to have nausea and a headache. Based on this information, which property of an ideal drug is this drug lacking? (Ans- selectivity (more selective a drug=less side effects/adverse effects) Characteristics unique to each patient can influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. What characteristics may determine the patient's response to a drug? Select all that apply. (Ans- -age -weight -gender -genetics Pharmacotherapeutics (Ans- how drugs produce effects, both therapeutic, and adverse reactions, reasons and rationales A patient is given an opioid analgesic their RR is 8, HR is 82, and BP 120/78. What nursing intervention would you do? (Ans- -give naloxene to reverse opiod effects because pt's respiratory was extremely low. Medication error (Ans- can harm the patient and can be potentially fatal ( you must first assess the patient, make sure his condition is stabilized, let a supervisor know or HCP, and file an incident report) If your protein(albumin) levels are low what happens to the drug in your body? (Ans- drug is free in body which can lead to toxicity of drug accumulation If two drugs are competing for the same protein receptor or other receptor what happens? (Ans- -the one with the stronger affinity/dose is bound to the receptor which leads for the other drug to move freely around the body. What are the 6 drug rights for medication administration? (Ans- 1. right patient drug 3. right dose route 5. Right time 6. right documentation indication refusal