Test Bank Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition VanMeter

Test Bank Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition VanMeter Chapter 01: Scope of Microbiology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the sixteenth century a father-and-son team, by the name of compound microscope consisting of a simple tube with lenses at each end. a. van Leeuwenhoek b. Semmelweis c. Janssen d. Hooke ANS: C REF: p. 3 2. “Animalcules” were first described by a. Robert Hooke. b. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. c. Hans Janssen. d. John Needham. ANS: B REF: p. 3 3. Micrographia, a publication illustrating insects, sponges, as well as plant cells, was published by a. Robert Hooke. b. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. c. Hans Janssen. d. John Needham. ANS: A REF: p. 3 4. Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are a. electron microscopes. b. dark-field microscopes. c. fluorescence microscopes. d. stereomicroscopes. ANS: D REF: p. 5 5. A microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a a. dark-field microscope. b. transmission electron microscope. 1 , produced ac. bright-field microscope. d. scanning electron microscope. ANS: D REF: p. 7 6. The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the a. bright-field microscope. b. phase-contrast microscope. c. fluorescence microscope. d. electron microscope. ANS: B REF: p. 6 7. Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation? a. John Needham b. Joseph Lister c. Louis Pasteur d. Robert Koch ANS: C REF: p. 8 8. Fossils of prokaryotes go back a. 4.0 to 5.0 b. 3.5 to 4.0 c. 2.5 to 3.0 d. 2.2 to 2.7 ANS: B REF: p. 9 9. Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms? a. Protozoans b. Archaea c. Fungi d. Algae ANS: C 10. The correct descending order of taxonomic categories is a. species, domain, phylum, kingdom, order, division, class, genus. b. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species. c. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. d. kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species. REF: p. 11 ANS: C REF: p. 10 11. Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called a. colonies. b. biofilms. c. biospheres. d. flora. ANS: B REF: p. 12 12. 12. A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called 2 billion years.a. mutualism. b. competition. c. synergism. d. commensalism. ANS: D REF: p. 12 13. Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora? a. Intestine b. Skin c. Vagina d. Blood ANS: D REF: p. 12 14. Which of the following lack nucleic acids? a. Archaea b. Viruses c. Prions d. Bacteria ANS: C REF: p. 11 15. The binominal system of nomenclature was originally developed by a. Pasteur. b. Linnaeus. c. Martini. d. Jenner. ANS: B REF: p. 11 16. Which of the following scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox? a. Pasteur b. Jenner c. Semmelweis d. Koch ANS: B REF: p. 9 17. Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food? a. Mumps b. Shigellosis c. Legionellosis d. Tuberculosis ANS: B REF: p. 13 18. Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols? a. Psittacosis b. Shigellosis c. Leptospirosis d. Giardiasis 3ANS: A REF: p. 14 19. Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? a. Propionibacterium shermanii b. Acetobacter aceti c. Giardia d. Fusobacterium ANS: A REF: p. 14 20. Which of the following scientists discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium? a. Alexander Fleming b. Louis Pasteur c. Joseph Lister d. Edward Jenner ANS: A REF: p. 15 COMPLETION 1. In a compound light microscope the lens closest to the eye is the ANS: ocular REF: p. 3 2. The total magnification of an object viewed with a compound microscope with an ocular lens of 10 and an objective lens of 40 is . ANS: 400 REF: p. 4 3. Another term for spontaneous generations ANS: abiogenesis REF: p. 7 4. Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called . ANS: biofilms REF: p. 12 5. All bacteria are ANS: prokaryotic 4 cells. lens.REF: p. 10 6. Cells that contain a nucleus are ANS: eukaryotic REF: p. 10 7. The taxonomic resource for information on bacteria is ANS: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology REF: p. 11 8. A relationship in which two organisms benefit is referred to as ANS: mutualism REF: p. 12 9. The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are ANS: prions REF: p. 11 10. The cleanup of various industrial wastes by living organisms is referred to as ANS: bioremediation REF: p. 15 MATCHING Match the description below with the correct item from the list a. Observing insects b. Three-dimensional images c. Cytoplasmic streaming d. Fluorescent dye e. Ultrathin sectioned specimens 1. Scanning electron microscope 2. Phase-contrast microscope 3. Transmission electron microscope 4. Stereomicroscope 1. ANS: B 2. ANS: C 3. ANS: E REF: p. 7 REF: p. 6 REF: p. 7 5 . . . . cells.4. ANS: A REF: p. 5 Match the description below to the correct name from this list. a. Robert Koch b. Edward Jenner c. Louis Pasteur d. John Needham e. Joseph Lister f. Antony van Leeuwenhoek 5. Animalcules 6. Vaccination 7. Aseptic technique 8. Germ theory of disease 5. ANS: F 6. ANS: B 7. ANS: E 8. ANS: C REF: p. 7 | p. 8 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 8 Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The atomic number equals the number of a. protons. b. neutrons. c. electrons. d. protons and neutrons. ANS: A REF: p. 20 2. The atomic weight is equal to the sum of a. neutrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. electrons. ANS: B REF: p. 20 3. The smallest units of matter are a. molecules. b. atoms. c. protons. d. compounds. 6ANS: B REF: p. 20 4. Protons are a. located in the shells. b. part of the atomic nucleus. c. negatively charged. d. uncharged particles. ANS: B REF: p. 20 5. Particles of an atom located in the outermost shell and available for chemical bonding are called a. valence electrons. b. isotopes. c. excess electrons. d. neutrons. ANS: A REF: p. 21 6. Isotopes are atoms with a. the same number of electrons and protons. b. different numbers of protons and electrons. c. the same numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons. d. different numbers of electrons. ANS: C REF: p. 21 7. A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: C REF: p. 23 8. The transfer of electrons in a chemical bond represents a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: A REF: p. 24 9. The bond of oxygen and hydrogen between water molecules is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. polar covalent bond. c. nonpolar covalent bond. d. hydrogen bond. ANS: D REF: p. 24 10. The isotope deuterium has 7a. one proton. b. one proton and one neutron. c. one proton and two neutrons. d. one proton and three neutrons. ANS: B REF: p. 21 11. After filling the first shell, the outermost shell of an atom can hold up to electrons. a. 2 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 ANS: C REF: p. 23 12. 12. The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a(n) a. hydrogen bond. b. ionic bond. c. polar covalent bond. d. nonpolar covalent bond. ANS: B REF: p. 24 13. Sucrose is composed of a. glucose and galactose. b. glucose and fructose. c. fructose and maltose. d. glucose and maltose. ANS: B REF: p. 31 14. The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are a. monosaccharides. b. amino acids. c. nucleic acids. d. fatty acids. ANS: A REF: p. 31 15. The bond between amino acids is a(n) a. ionic bond. b. peptide bond. c. hydrogen bond. d. covalent bond. ANS: B REF: p. 32 16. Glucose and fructose are examples of a. monosaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. polysaccharides. d. lipids. 8ANS: A REF: p. 31 17. 17. Two glucose molecules form a. galactose. b. lactose. c. maltose. d. fructose. ANS: C REF: p. 31 18. Starch is an example of a a. monosaccharide. b. polysaccharide. c. peptide. d. protein. ANS: B REF: p. 31 19. Cytosine always undergoes complementary base pairing with a. adenine. b. guanine. c. thymine. d. uracil. ANS: B REF: p. 36 20. 20. The RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine of DNA is a. cytosine. b. guanine. c. thymine. d. uracil. ANS: D COMPLETION 1. Neutrons are ANS: not REF: p. 20 2. An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a(n) . ANS: isotope REF: p. 21 3. A positively charged ion is a(n) ANS: cation . 9 REF: p. 36 _ charged particles.REF: p. 22 4. The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called . ANS: hydrolysis REF: p. 25 5. Molecules that can absorb hydrogen ions and not change the pH of the substance are . ANS: buffers REF: p. 28 6. The formation of polymers from simpler substances is referred to as ANS: synthesis REF: p. 25 7. When the solute concentration outside a cell is the same as the concentration inside the cell, the solution is called . ANS: isotonic REF: p. 29 8. The monomers of triglycerides are ANS: glycerol REF: p. 31 9. Lactose is composed of glucose and ANS: galactose REF: p. 31 10. Chemically, ATP is a(n) ANS: nucleic acid REF: p. 38 MATCHING 10 . . and fatty acids. .Match the description below with correct item from the list a. Redox b. Electron c. Neutron d. Acid e. Base f. Salt g. Glucose h. Protein i. Polysaccharide j. Nucleic acid k. Lipid l. Tritium 1. Radioactive isotope 2. Negatively charged particle 3. Reduction–oxidation reactions 4. Hydrogen ion donor 5. Ammonium chloride 6. Monomer 7. Cellulose 8. Particle with no charge 9. Prostaglandin 10. Amino acid chain 1. ANS: L 2. ANS: B 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: D 5. ANS: F 6. ANS: G 7. ANS: I 8. ANS: C 9. ANS: K 10. ANS: H REF: p. 22 REF: p. 20 REF: p. 25 REF: p. 27 REF: p. 28 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 20 REF: p. 33 REF: p. 32 Chapter 03: Cell Structure and Function MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Matrix formed outside the plasma membrane is referred to as a. cytoplasm. 11b. glycocalyx. c. exoplasm. d. cell wall. ANS: B REF: p. 44 2. The cell organelles found only in algae and plant cells are a. chloroplasts. b. mitochondria. c. vacuoles. d. vesicles. ANS: A REF: p. 54 3. Peptidoglycan is typically found in the a. cell wall. b. plasma membrane. c. nucleus. d. endoplasmic reticulum. ANS: A REF: p. 45 4. Chitin is a component of the cell wall of a. algae. b. bacteria. c. fungi. d. viruses. ANS: C REF: p. 46 5. Bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end are referred to as a. amphitrichous. b. monotrichous. c. peritrichous. d. lophotrichous. ANS: B REF: p. 47 6. Bacteria that have flagella that are distributed over the general cell surface are referred to as a. amphitrichous. b. monotrichous. c. peritrichous. d. lophotrichous. ANS: C 7. Pili are also called a. microvilli. b. fimbriae. c. cilia. d. flagella. 12 REF: p. 48ANS: B REF: p. 48 8. The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are a. microvilli. b. fimbriae. c. cilia. d. flagella. ANS: C REF: p. 48 9. The fluidlike portion of a cell is referred to as a. inclusion. b. cytoplasm. c. cytosol. d. nucleoplasm. ANS: C REF: p. 51 10. Which of the following structures is shaped like a hollow cylinder made out of tubulin proteins? a. Intermediate filaments b. Microtubules c. Microfilaments d. Flagella ANS: B REF: p. 51 11. The cell organelle responsible for the packaging of proteins is the a. ribosome. b. Golgi complex. c. rER. d. lysosome. ANS: B REF: p. 54 12. Which of the following cell organelles contain digestive enzymes? a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Lysosomes d. Peroxisomes ANS: C REF: p. 54 13. Which of the following organelles contain oxidative enzymes capable of oxidizing toxic substances? a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Lysosomes d. Peroxisomes ANS: D REF: p. 54 1314. 14. Stroma is a component of a. mitochondria. b. chloroplasts. c. lysosomes. d. peroxisomes. ANS: B REF: p. 55 15. 15. Which of the following organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol? a. Aeromonas hydrophila b. Escherichia coli c. Streptococcus pyogenes d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae ANS: C REF: p. 57 16. 16. The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of a. sodium. b. potassium. c. bicarbonate. d. sulfate. ANS: B REF: p 58 17. Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Filtration d. Pinocytosis ANS: D REF: p. 60 18. Which of the following transport mechanisms transports water across the plasma membrane? a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Phagocytosis d. Exocytosis ANS: A REF: p. 58 19. The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure is a. osmosis. b. exocytosis. c. simple diffusion. d. filtration. ANS: D REF: p. 59 20. Enzymatic reactions can be expressed in which of the following chemical notations? a. S + P = E b. P + P = E c. E + S = P d. S + S = P 14ANS: C REF: p. 61 21. 21. Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water, or that add functional groups to a double bond, are called a. oxidoreductases. b. transferases. c. hydrolases. d. lyases. ANS: D REF: p. 62 22. 22. Chemically, most enzymes are a. proteins. b. lipids. c. nucleic acids. d. carbohydrates. ANS: A REF: p. 61 23. The net gain of ATP molecules a N a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B REF: p. 67 24. 24. The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic acid is a. citric acid. b. pyruvic acid. c. acetyl-CoA. d. phosphoglyceraldehyde. ANS: C REF: p. 68 25. 25. Formic acid is a fermentation product of a. Streptococcus. b. Klebsiella. c. Clostridium. d. Actinomyces. ANS: D REF: p. 68 26. 26. The central dogma concerning the flow of information from genetic material was first introduced by a. Ernst Ruska. b. Francis Crick. c. Camillo Golgi. d. Carl Bender. ANS: B REF: p. 70 15 fter R the I bre G B ak d . C own M of one glucose molecule in glycolysis is27. 27. The anticodons are located in a. tRNA. b. rRNA. c. mRNA. d. ribosomes. ANS: A REF: p. 71 28. Binary fission is a form of reproduction used by a. viruses. b. bacteria. c. fungi. d. helminths. ANS: B 29. 29. In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase ANS: C REF: p. 75 30. 30. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the cell cycle? a. G phase b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. S phase ANS: D REF: p. 74 31. 31. Nonchromosomal DNA molecules found in a bacterial cell are a. endospores. b. transposons. c. plasmids. d. prions. ANS: C REF: p. 77 32. The actual genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its a. phenotype. b. genotype. c. conjugation. d. construct. ANS: B COMPLETION 16 REF: p. 78 REF: p. 741. Cells without a nucleus are cells. ANS: prokaryotic REF: p. 43 2. Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are referred to as proteins. ANS: peripheral REF: p. 43 3. The sterol-like molecule in bacterial plasma membranes is a(n) ANS: hopanoid REF: p. 43 4. Movement of bacteria toward or away from a particular stimulus is called ANS: taxis REF: p. 48 5. The nucleus is surrounded by a(n) ANS: nuclear envelope REF: p. 52 6. An enzyme that requires a coenzyme/cofactor to function, but does not have one bound, is called a(n) . ANS: apoenzyme REF: p. 63 7. The allosteric site is a component of ANS: enzymes REF: p. 62 | p. 63 8. The organelle necessary for photosynthesis is a(n) ANS: chloroplast REF: p. 68 17 . . . . _.9. A special structure formed by some bacterial cells to allow them to survive in harsh conditions is called a(n) . ANS: endospore REF: p. 57 10. The transfer of genetic material during direct cell-to-cell contact is called . ANS: conjugation REF: p. 79 MATCHING Match the description below with the correct item from this list. a. Cytoskeleton b. Cytosol c. Mitochondria d. Golgi apparatus e. rER f. Bacterial ribosome subunit g. Enzyme h. Dental plaque i. Phospholipids j. Endocytosis k. Cell wall l. Passive transport 1. Plasma membrane 2. Peptidoglycan 3. Biofilm 4. Microtubules 5. Protein synthesis 6. ATP production 7. 70S 8. Brownian movement 9. Phagocytosis 10. Hydrolase 1. ANS: I 2. ANS: K 3. ANS: H 4. ANS: A 5. ANS: E 6. ANS: C REF: p. 42 REF: p. 45 REF: p. 50 REF: p. 51 REF: p. 56 REF: p. 54 187. ANS: F 8. ANS: L 9. ANS: J 10. ANS: G REF: p. 54