Malignant hyperthermia | Questions with 100 % correct answers | Verified

Malignant hyperthermia - is a life-threatening familial hypermetabolic disorder of skeletal muscle that can be precipitated by specific anesthetic agents. characteristics of MH - tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, generalized muscle rigidity, acidosis, and increasing ETCO2 levels. how fast does the temperature increase with MH? - Rapid increase in temperature by as mush as 1o C every 5 mins. how does acidosis result from MH? - is a result of increased skeletal muscle metabolism that may proceed to rhabdomyolysis. pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia - calcium is released from the SR at very high rates, leading to a sustained hypermetabolic state and subsequent loss of cellular integrity. Later in the clinical course, ATP production ceases, causing failure of intracellular membrane pumps. Cellular leakage of electrolytes follows, including potassium and calcium, enzymes such as creatine phosphokinase, large amounts of metabolic acids, and myoglobin. Fatal arrhythmias, end-organ damage, and eventually death may ensue. what does the hypermetabolic state of MH cause? - increased lactate levels, high adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption, increased carbon dioxide release, increased oxygen consumption, and increased muscle heat accumulation secondary to sustained muscle contractions. which receptor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MH? - Type 1 Ryanodine receptor The "gold standard" for MH diagnosis - in vitro halothane-caffeine contracture test (IVCT) how is the IVCT test performed? - The muscle is exposed to halothane and caffeine-containing solutions, and the force of contraction is measured as the endpoint. Muscle from a patient with MH susceptibility shows an increased force of contraction