Summary OCR A-Level Biology - Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
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Course
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
Institution
OCR
Hand-written summary notes using Seneca on the whole of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids in Module 2 - Foundations in Biology (H420). This includes an overview on DNA and RNA; polynucleotides; DNA replication; ADP and ATP; polypeptide synthesis.
Happy revising! :)
Contents:
• DNA and RNA
• Polynucleotides
• DNA Replication
• ADP and ATP
• Polypeptide Synthesis
, DNA and RNA
I
desiyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an important Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is involved in protein synthesis
information -
carrying molecule
ribosomes are formed from RNA and proteins,
genetic material present in all living organisms acting as protein builders ofcell
DNA code informs cell whatto do and what
proteins to make messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers genetic information to
the restofthe cell from the nucleus
genome is the cells entire genetic content eq) nucleus to ribosomes in order to make proteins
the
EURarctes DNAissoundpredominant
in
chloroplasts and mitochondria
prokaryotes DNA is not enclosed in a
membranous envelope, so is found in the
cytoplasm
nucleic acids
nucleic acids carry cells genetic code, playing an important role in passing information between
generations
DNA and RNA
are made from nucleotide monomers which join together to form polynucleotides
nucleotides contain a pentose sugar;nitrogen-containing organic base;phosphate group
phosphodiester bond forms between two nucleotides (pentose sugar +
phosphate groups during a
condensation reaction
DNA RNA
deoxyribose sugar ribose sugar
phosphate group phosphate group
organic bases: organic bases:
A;T;C:G A;U;C;G
rode
genetic
genetic code is the instructions for the function of the cell, containing a combination oftripletcodes
codons) in the
genome
universal
4 bases (A;T;C; b) used in DNA
same are ofevery organism
same codons (transcribed into MRNA) encode the same amino acids in
every organism
degenerate
amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon (43:64 possible triplet codons coding 20 amino
acids)
eg) tyrosine is encoded by TAT;TAC
non-overlapping
no overlap between tripletcodes
each tripletcode is separate from other triplets in chromosome
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