Test Bank For Campbell Essential Biology 5TH Edition Simon Yeh | Complete All Chapters ()

Amino acids include a side group as well as ______. A) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group B) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group C) a central hydrogen, a nitrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group D) a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, an amino group, and a carbonyl group Answer: A Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 31) What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds? A) dehydration reaction B) hydrogenation C) hydrolysis D) denaturation Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______ structure. A) tertiary B) quaternary C) secondary D) primary Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33) A protein's function is dependent on its ______. A) pH B) shape C) size D) weight Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) Destruction of a protein's shape is called ______. A) hydrolysis B) denaturation C) a dehydration reaction D) hydrogenation Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 30 35) Nucleic acids are polymers of ______ monomers. A) monosaccharide B) fatty acid C) DNA D) nucleotide Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36) A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ______. A) gene B) protein C) nucleic acid D) enzyme Answer: A Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 37) DNA nucleotides include ______. A) uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine B) thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine C) thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine D) thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) Which of the following is true with regard to a DNA molecule? A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine. B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine. C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil. D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand? A) GACGTCA B) AGTACTG C) GTCATGA D) TCATGAC Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Application/Analysis 31 40) How does RNA differ from DNA? A) RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded. B) RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. C) RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine. D) In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C. Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 41) The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______. A) populations that live in cold climates B) populations that live in wet climates C) cultures that keep dairy herds D) Native Americans Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Art Questions 1) Examine the two sugars in the following figure. How do these two sugars compare? A) Glucose has more hydrogen. B) Glucose has more double bonds. C) They have the same formula but different structures. D) They are structurally identical in every way. Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Application/Analysis 32 2) The figure below shows ______. A) DNA B) RNA C) protein secondary structure D) hydrolysis Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) The figure below shows ______. A) a single strand of RNA B) double-stranded RNA C) a single strand of DNA D) double-stranded DNA Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33 Scenario Questions Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). While shopping, you settle on two types of cookies. The nutritional label for the chocolate mint cookies lists 5 grams of saturated fat, 0 grams of trans fat, 22 grams of carbohydrates, and 11 grams of protein per serving. The nutritional label for the peanut butter cookies lists 0 grams of saturated fat, 5 grams of trans fat, 26 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of protein per serving. 1) Which cookies are less healthy? A) The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more saturated fat. B) The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more total grams of protein and carbohydrates. C) The peanut butter cookies because they contain more trans fat. D) The peanut butter cookies because they contain more grams of carbohydrates. Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Application/Analysis 2) The manufacturer of the chocolate mint cookies changed the ingredients of its cookies. Each serving now has 1 gram of saturated fat (4 fewer grams), 4 grams of trans fat (4 more grams), 21 grams of carbohydrates (1 fewer gram), and 11 grams of protein (no change). Do you think that the manufacturer made these cookies healthier? A) No, because they now have less saturated fat. B) Yes, because they now have less saturated fat. C) Yes, because they now have fewer grams of carbohydrates. D) No, because they now have more grams of trans fat. Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Large Biological Molecules Skill: Application/Analysis Campbell Essential Biology, 5e (Simon/Yeh) Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells? A) cell theory B) Hooke's rule C) evolutionary theory D) Mendel's law Answer: A Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane? A) light microscope B) transmission electron microscope C) scanning electron microscope 34 D) both a light microscope and an electron microscope Answer: C Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells? A) pili B) cell wall C) flagella D) DNA Answer: A Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) When using a light microscope to view a cell you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cell lacks a nucleus; therefore, you conclude that the cell must be a type of ______ cell. A) plant B) eukaryotic C) fungal D) prokaryotic Answer: D Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Application/Analysis 35 5) One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells. A) have DNA, which is lacking in B) have membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in C) have a plasma membrane, which is lacking in D) have a nucleoid region, which is lacking in Answer: B Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane? A) cytoplasm B) phospholipid bilayer C) nucleoid D) chloroplast Answer: A Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 7) You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell. A) prokaryotic B) animal C) bacterial D) plant Answer: D Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Application/Analysis 8) Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? A) regulate the traffic of chemicals into and out of the cell B) protein synthesis C) lipid synthesis D) all fo the above Answer: A Topic: 4.2 Membrane Structure Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 9) ______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes. A) Steroids B) Fatty acids C) Mosaics D) Phospholipids Answer: D Topic: 4.2 Membrane Structure Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36 10) When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______. A) have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water B) have hydrophilic fatty acid tails that are attracted to water and hydrophobic phosphate groups that avoid water C) have hydrophilic heads that are attracted to their hydrophobic tails D) are both fluid and mosaic Answer: A Topic: 4.2 Membrane Structure Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 11) The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______. A) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane B) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane C) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure Answer: A Topic: 4.2 Membrane Structure Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 12) The extracellular matrix of animal cells ______. A) protect and support cells B) provide avenues for the exchange of DNA C) are warehouses for the storage of extra lipids and carbohydrates D) are primarily sites of dead matter and waste materials Answer: A Topic: 4.2 Membrane Structure Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 13) ______ store the information necessary to produce proteins. A) Lysosomes B) Genes C) Ribosomes D) Carbohydrates Answer: B Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) The nuclear envelope is composed of ______. A) chromatin B) DNA C) a double membrane D) carbohydrates Answer: C Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 37 15) The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______. A) nucleoli B) nucleoplasm C) chromatin D) ribosomes Answer: C Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes. A) 36 B) 46 C) 2 D) 23 Answer: B Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes? A) nucleus B) cytoplasm C) endoplasmic reticulum D) nucleolus Answer: D Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes _______. A) make proteins inside the nucleus B) are found on the plasma membrane C) are attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) are attached to the outside of the nucleus Answer: D Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 19) Where does protein synthesis take place? A) in the nucleolus B) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) on ribosomes D) in the nucleus Answer: C Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38 20) Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______. A) mRNA B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) DNA D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Topic: 4.3 The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the Cell Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 21) The endomembrane system includes ______. A) ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum D) Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: D Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____. A) attached to the endoplasmic reticulum B) attached to the Golgi apparatus C) attached to the plasma membrane D) inside the nucleus Answer: A Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells. A) brain B) liver C) intestinal D) muscle Answer: B Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 24) Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ______. A) steroid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification B) lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and drug detoxification C) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification D) lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and protein synthesis Answer: C Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39 25) What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus? A) transport proteins B) central vacuole C) transport vesicles D) nucleolus Answer: C Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) digestion of organic matter inside the cell B) protein modification C) drug detoxification D) protein synthesis Answer: B Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company? A) the Golgi apparatus B) mitochondria C) chloroplasts D) the nucleolus Answer: A Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Application/Analysis 28) Lysosomes are responsible for ______. A) lipid synthesis B) cellular respiration C) digestion of organic matter inside the cell D) protein synthesis Answer: C Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 29) If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______. A) shrivel B) divide into two cells C) digest itself D) need to manufacture more lysosomes Answer: C Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Application/Analysis 40 30) Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme. A) the Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: B Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 31) Vacuoles are ______. A) membranous sacs B) manufactured by ribosomes C) composed of microtubules D) found only in plant cells Answer: A Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______. A) in a marine environment B) within the cells of another organism C) in fresh water D) in ice Answer: C Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33) In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons. A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) lysosomes D) central vacuoles Answer: D Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______. A) cell wall and contractile vacuole B) cell wall and central vacuole C) nucleus and cell wall D) nucleus and contractile vacuole Answer: B Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 41 35) Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______. A) surrounded by two membranes B) green C) manufactured by the nucleolus D) able to synthesize lipids Answer: A Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36) Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondrion C) ribosome D) chloroplast Answer: D Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 37) Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ______. A) of sunlight to energy stored in organic compounds B) stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP C) stored in ATP to energy stored in food molecules D) stored in ATP to energy used to do work Answer: B Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) Which of the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration? A) the cristae of a mitochondrion B) the outer membrane of a chloroplast C) the grana of a chloroplast D) the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: A Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) Microtubules are associated with ______. A) cilia B) flagella C) cell shape D) all of the above Answer: D Topic: 4.6 The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 42 40) Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation? A) Tobacco smokers tend to get pregnant when they are younger. B) Tobacco interferes with the functioning of the flagella propelling sperm. C) Tobacco interferes with the transfer of oxygen to the uterus, thereby forcing the zygote to implant in a fallopian tube. D) Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Art Questions 1) Examine the following photographs. Which of the techniques reveal internal cellular detail? A) light micrograph and transmission electron micrograph B) light micrograph and scanning electron micrograph C) transmission electron micrograph and scanning electron micrograph D) all three micrographs Answer: A Topic: 4.1 The Microscopic World of Cells Skill: Application/Analysis 43 2) Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below. Which of the following organelles connect(s) to the nuclear envelope? A) the Golgi apparatus B) lysosomes C) mitochondria D) the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: D Topic: 4.4 The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 44 3) The figure below shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ______. A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) flagella D) cilia Answer: D Topic: 4.6 The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement Skill: Application/Analysis 45 4) The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please"? A) His illness may be caused by an allergy to penicillin. B) Antibiotics should be taken only to promote growth. C) His illness is caused by bacteria. D) His illness is caused by a virus. Answer: D Topic: 4.6 The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Scenario Questions Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. 1) What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts? A) Mitochondria can sometimes divide to produce chloroplasts. B) Only mitochondria have their own DNA. C) Some mitochondria have chloroplasts inside of them. D) Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts. Answer: D Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion 46 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? A) Chloroplasts have cell walls. B) Chloroplasts contain pigments. C) Chloroplasts have their own DNA. D) A single, highly folded plasma membrane surrounds chloroplasts. Answer: C Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Application/Analysis 3) Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? A) Mitochondria have cell walls. B) The plasma membrane of a mitochondrion, forming the surface of this organelle, is the site of many important steps of cellular respiration. C) Mitochondria have their own DNA. D) Mitochondria rely upon proteins as their source of energy. Answer: C Topic: 4.5 Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Energy Conversion Skill: Application/Analysis Campbell Essential Biology, 5e (Simon/Yeh) Chapter 5 The Working Cell Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What is energy? A) the capacity to cause movement B) the capacity to cause change C) a measure of calories D) a measure of disorder Answer: B Topic: 5.1 Some Basic Energy Concepts Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension