Test Bank for Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach 4th Edition, Marjorie Kelly Cowan, Heidi Smith, ISBN10

Which of the following is a scientific name? A) Gram-positive streptococcus B) Staphylococcus C) Streptococcuspyogenes D) Anthrax E) Streptobacilli 39) When assigning a scientific name to an organism, . A) the species name is capitalized B) the species name is placed first C) the species name can be abbreviated D) both genus and species names are capitalized E) both genus and species names are italicized or underlined 40) The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called , A) biotechnology B) genetics C) recombinant DNA D) phylogeny E) taxonomy 41) Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time? A) Morphology B) Phylogeny C) Evolution D) Genetics E) None of thechoices is correct. 42) A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on . A) determining evolutionary relatedness B) bioremediation C) recombinant DNA D) nomenclature E) determining if that species is the cause of a new disease 43) The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are) . A) Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C) Carl Woese and George Fox D) Robert Whittaker E) Francesco Redi 44) Which scientific name is written correctly? A) Staphylococcusaureus B) staphylococcusaureus C) Staphylococcus Aureus D) Staphylococcus aureus E) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS 45) Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element bonded to other atoms. A) carbon B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) hydrogen E) phosphorous 46) Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of . A) hydrophobic molecules B) electrolytic molecules C) repeating monomers D) repeating carbohydrates E) hydrogen bonds 47) All of the following are monosaccharides except . A) glucose B) glycogen C) fructose D) ribose E) deoxyribose 48) All of the following are polysaccharides except . A) glycogen in liver and muscle B) agar used to make solid culture media C) a cell's glycocalyx D) cellulose in certain cell walls E) prostaglandins in inflammation 49) All of the following are lipids except . A) cholesterol B) starch C) phospholipid D) wax E) triglyceride 50) What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A) Fatty acids B) Glycerol C) Phosphate D) Alcohol E) All of thechoices are correct. 51) A fat is called if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens. A) unsaturated B) polyunsaturated C) monounsaturated D) saturated E) None of the choices are correct. 52) The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is . A) prostaglandins B) waxes C) phospholipids D) steroids E) triglycerides 53) The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the . A) prostaglandins B) waxes C) phospholipids D) steroids E) triglycerides 54) The building blocks of an enzyme are . A) nucleotides B) glycerol and fatty acids C) monosaccharides D) phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids E) amino acids 55) Which is not true about enzymes? A) They are found in all cells. B) They are catalysts. C) Their shape determines their function. D) They can be denaturated by heat and other agents. E) They have high-energy bonds between phosphates. 56) Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A) Valine B) Cysteine C) Serine D) Alanine E) Tyrosine 57) What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids? A) Glycosilic B) Ester C) Peptide D) Disulfide E) Phosphate 58) The alpha helix is a type of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) None of thechoices is correct. 59) One nucleotide contains . A) one phosphate B) one pentose sugar C) one nitrogen base D) All of the choices are correct E) None of the choices are correct. 60) Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A) Contains ribose B) Contains adenine C) Contains thymine D) Contains uracil E) Contains nucleotides 61) ATP is best described as . A) an enzyme B) a double helix C) an electron carrier D) the energy molecule of cells E) All of thechoices are correct. 62) You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical? A) DNA B) RNA C) ATP D) Phospholipid 63) A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A) Amino acids B) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms C) Nitrogen and phosphorus D) Fatty acids E) Carbon atoms 64) Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all . A) nucleic acids B) carbohydrates C) polysaccharides D) amino acids E) enzymes 65) Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A) Uracil B) Adenine C) Thymine D) Cytosine E) All of these arepyrimidines. 66) During protein synthesis, RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA. A) transfer B) messenger C) ribosomal D) All of the choices are correct. 67) Characteristics shared by all cells include . A) a membrane serving as a cell boundary B) the possession of genetic information C) the presence of cellular fluid D) All of thesechoices are correct. 68) The purine always binds with the pyrimidine in DNA and RNA. A) guanine; cytosine B) cytosine; guanine C) adenine; guanine D) thymine; guanine 69) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes? A) The majority of microorganisms that colonize humans are pathogenic B) Microorganisms are benefited from their colonization of humans, whereas humans are unaffected by the relationship C) Humans are colonized by bacteria and fungi, but not viruses D) Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host 70) Which list correctly ranks the microorganisms from largest to smallest? A) Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillis sp., Helminth B) Aspergillis sp., Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis, Helminth C) Bacillus anthracis, Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Zika virus D) Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Bacillus anthracis, Zika virus E) Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis 71) The Nobel Prize was awarded to Kary Mullis in 1993 for inventing what technique to amplify and subsequently analyze DNA? A) Polymerase chain reaction B) The central dogma of biology C) Restriction enzyme analysis D) Human microbiomeproject E) Small RNA analysis 72) Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method? A) Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis B) Propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, formulate question, conduct research C) Formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, conduct research D) Conduct research, formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis 73) Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells? A) Cytoplasmic membrane B) Ribosomes C) DNA D) Nucleus 74) Organisms were classified into kingdoms as they were defined. Which list reflects the order of discovery of the kingdoms as we know them today? A) Monera, protista, fungi, plants and animals B) Plants and animals, protista, monera, fungi C) Fungi, monera, plants and animals, protista D) Protista, fungi, monera, plants and animals E) Monera, plants and animals, protista, fungi 75) Carl Woese and George Fox developed the three-domain system of taxonomy based on what molecular discovery? A) Variations in the ribonucleic acid of the small ribosomal subunit of organisms B) Mutations in enzyme proteins C) Genetic analysis showing that bacteria and archaea are identical D) Molecular analysis of genes showing that eukaryotes evolved from bacteria, and bacteria evolved from archaea 76) The term used to describe the broad field of science that involves human manipulation of microbes for use in industrial processes is . A) biotechnology B) bioremediation C) recombinant DNA technology D) biodegradation 77) The Dutch linen merchant ground glass lenses to detailedspecifications so that he was able to develop a microscope for observing and describing living microscopic animalcules. A) Leeuwenhoek B) Pasteur C) Lister D) Koch 78) Select the characteristic that isexhibited by viruses. A) Viruses are independent living cellular organisms. B) Viruses are much more complex than cells. C) Viruses are composed of both DNA and RNA. D) Viruses are parasitic particles that invade host cells. E) Viruses lack a protein coat. 79) Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are examples of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary 80) Disulfide bonds are involved in maintaining protein structure as well as the level of protein structure exhibited by complex proteins such as antibodies. A) tertiary; quaternary B) quaternary; tertiary C) secondary; quaternary D) secondary; tertiary E) primary; secondary 81) Choose the term that describes the formal system of identifying, arranging, and naming organisms. A) Nomenclature B) Identification C) Classification D) Taxonomy E) Hierarchy 82) Which of the following choices is a correct way to denotethe binomial name of a microorganism? A) Staphylococcusaureus B) StaphylococcusAureus C) staphylococcusAureus D) staphylococcus aureus E) Staphylococcus aureus 83) Choose the statement or characteristicthat best describes the Woese-Fox taxonomic system to test your understanding of taxonomy. A) Three distinct cell lines called domains B) Five kingdoms C) Plants, animals, and microorganisms D) Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes 84) When classifying organisms, early taxonomists did NOTrely on which of the following? A) Analysis of theorganism's shape (morphology) B) Analysis ofstructural and organizational characteristics of the organism C) Analysis ofmetabolic (nutritional) characteristics of the organism D) Genetic analysisof the organism 85) NCLEX Prep - Test Bank Question: Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the questions that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic. While completing her assessment you notice her hands are red, raw, and show signs of recent bleeding. She explains that she washes all her clothes in bleach, and uses the chemical to clean her hands several times a day. She states “I need to sterilize myself and my environment of all germs so I do not get sick.” While developing her nursing plan of care, you educate her about the importance of bacteria to the health and well being of not only humans, but also our planet.