Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing ch. 3-4 | Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Where does the zygote typically implant? - The upper section of the posterior uterine wall After implantation the endometrium is called the ______________ - Decidua The functions of the amniotic fluid are ________________ - 1. Maintains an even temperature 2. Prevents the amniotic sac from adhering to the fetal skin 3. Allows for symmetrical growth 4. Allows for buoyancy and fetal movement 5. Acts as a cushion to protect the fetus The 3 basic stages of prenatal growth are ______________ and what timeframe do they exist? - 1. Zygote - Fertilization to 2nd week 2. Embryo - 2nd-8th week 3. Fetus - 9th week till birth What milestone occurs at 20 weeks? - Lungs have matured enough for the fetus to survive outside of the womb Age of Viability Folic acid during pregnancy prevents most _________________ - Neural tube defects what are the 4 placental hormones? - 1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone 3. hGC4. hPL What does progesterone do during pregnancy? - 1. Maintains uterine lining for implantation 2. Reduces uterine contractions 3. Prepares the glands of the breast for lactation 4. Stimulates teste production of testosterone in the male fetus What does estrogen do during pregnancy? - 1. Stimulates uterine growth 2. Increases the blood flow to the uterine vessels 3. Stimulates the development of the breast ducts to prepare for lactation What does estrogen do not directly related to pregnancy? - 1. Increases skin pigmentation 2. Vascular changes of the mucus membranes of the nose and mouth 3. Increases salivation What does hCG do during pregnancy? - It signals the corpus luteum to continue producing estrogen and progesterone Which hormone is the basis of most pregnancy test? - hCG What does hPL do during pregnancy? - It decrease the insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by the mother, making more insulin available to the fetus How many vessels are in the umbilical cord? - 3 (2 arteries and 1 vein)