The Psychology of Women 7th Edition- Margaret W. Matlin’s Test Bank | Complete | Questions with Answers

Suppose that you are trying to explain the phrase “doing gender” to a high school student. Which of the following statements would be most accurate? a. “Men are more likely than women to ‘do gender.’” *b. “When a female student meets a male student, she may smile and act very interested in him; this is an example of ‘doing gender.’” c. “‘Doing gender’ is a phrase that applies to our perception of other people, rather than how we ourselves act.” d. “The ability to ‘do gender’ is programmed into our genetic makeup, and our culture has little influence on the way we ‘do gender.’” Page 4 1-10. Which of the following is an example of sexism? *a. Your next-door neighbor is saving money for his son to go to college, but he doesn’t think that females should pursue higher education. b. A television interviewer addresses a man as “Samuel Munson,” and she addresses a woman as “Cynthia Harper.” c. A fabric store hires a man to measure and cut fabric. d. A company has an unwritten policy that they will not hire elderly people. Page 4 1-11. Which of the following statements about sexism is correct? a. Women cannot be sexist. *b. People are sexist when they are biased against men, as well as when they are biased against women. c. If a researcher discovers that men score higher than women on a particular test, he or she would be sexist to publish these findings, even if the report is objective. d. The terms feminist and sexist can be used interchangeably. Page 4 1-12. A sexist person would be most likely to believe that a. men—as well as women—can be feminists. b. women and men should be paid the same. 118 of 381 *c. female high-school students should not be permitted to play football. d. gender similarities are more common than gender differences. 119 of 381 Page 4 1-13. Which of the following examples best illustrates racism? a. Counselors who advise young Black women to be clerical workers, but young Black men to go into business *b. People who assume that most young Native Americans are alcoholics c. Parents of a White college student who encourage their daughter to take courses about race relations d. Black high school teachers who encourage Black students to apply to colleges where the majority of students are Black, as well as colleges where the majority are White Pages 4-5 1-14. Chris is respectful toward his female professors, but he often speaks rudely to the female secretaries at his college. Chris is most clearly demonstrating a. ableism. b. ageism. c. sexism. *d. classism. Pages 4-5 1-15. Cynthia is very polite to the principal at her daughter’s school, but she is rude to the cleaning staff at this school. Cynthia is most clearly demonstrating a. ableism. b. ageism. *c. classism. d. sexism. Page 5 1-16. According to your textbook, the word heterosexism refers to a. a bias against individuals who are heterosexual. *b. a bias against individuals who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual. c. a greater bias against lesbians than against gay males. d. a positive attitude toward all intimate relationships, whether they are heterosexual or lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Page 5 1-17. Alicia doesn’t seem to be concerned about a woman who just broke up with her lesbian partner, though she is very concerned about a woman who just broke up with her male partner. Alicia is most clearly demonstrating a. sexism. b. classism. *c. heterosexism. d. cultural feminism. 120 of 381 Page 5 1-18. According to your textbook’s discussion of the ageism, this term a. means that gender differences increase as people grow older. b. is limited to biases against elderly adults. c. is limited to biases against adolescents. *d. is typically aimed at elderly adults, but it actually means biases based on a person’s age. Pages 4-5 1-19. Which of the following students best describes the role of social biases in the psychology of women? a. Rickey: “The psychology of women examines how sexism influences women’s lives; other biases are relatively unimportant.” b. Meisha: “Studies of either racism or sexism provide important information about the psychology of women, but the combined effects of racism and sexism are rarely discussed.” c. Keshav: “Although other social biases are sometimes mentioned, sexism and heterosexism are actually the only important issues for researchers in the psychology of women.” *d. Andrew: “Understanding the psychology of women requires an examination of a number of social biases including sexism, racism, classism, heterosexism, and ageism.” Page 5 1-20. A feminist is a person who believes that a. there are large gender differences, in terms of psychological characteristics. *b. women’s ideas and women’s experiences should be valued. c. women should be granted more privileges and authority than men. d. gender is much more important than race, as a psychological characteristic. Page 5 1-21. According to the definition given in your textbook, a. a feminist is someone who believes that women should have privileges that are denied to men. b. men cannot be feminists. *c. a feminist has a high regard for women and believes that both genders should be treated similarly. d. the research shows that people who refuse to call themselves feminists are highly unlikely to believe in the principles of feminism. 121 of 381 Page 6 1-22. Polly believes that feminist goals can be best achieved by passing laws to guarantee women equal educational and workplace opportunities. Polly represents which approach to feminism? a. cultural feminism *b. liberal feminism c. radical feminism d. women-of-color feminism Page 6 1-23. Mayra and her feminist friends believe that having more women in world government positions will decrease the incidence of wars because of women’s more peaceful nature. Mayra represents which approach to feminism? *a. Cultural feminism b. Women-of-color feminism c. Liberal feminism d. Radical feminism Page 6 1-24. Andrea works at a local women’s shelter and believes that eliminating violence against women requires major changes in society. Andrea most likely would be considered a a. cultural feminist. b. liberal feminist. c. women-of-color feminist. *d. radical feminist. Page 6 1-25. A student who calls herself a “women-of-color feminist” is most likely to say, *a. “A Black woman with a disability has a different kind of life than a White woman with a disability.” b. “To understand the experiences of women of color, we must first think about White women’s experiences, and then make careful adjustments.” c. “A Black woman’s experiences are very similar to a Latina woman’s experiences.” d. “Feminists from all ethnic groups have almost identical ideas about how to improve the treatment of women.” Page 8 1-26. According to the similarities perspective on gender, *a. men and women are quite similar to one another. b. men are quite similar to one another, but women are quite different from one another. c. men are quite different from one another, and women are quite similar to one another. 122 of 381 d. men are quite different from one another, and women are quite different from one another; however, we construct similarities within each gender. 123 of 381 Page 8 1-27. Suppose that you hear a lecture about gender, and the speaker emphasizes how each culture creates its own set of ideas about gender. Thus, our current conceptions about gender are not inevitable. Based on this information, which of the following approaches is the speaker most likely to support? *a. Social constructionism b. The differences perspective c. Cultural feminism d. Essentialism Page 8 1-28. Suppose that a professor is giving a lecture on aging. She says she will approach her topic from a social constructionist standpoint. This means that she is likely to emphasize that *a. our ideas about elderly people are often shaped by myths and stereotypes, rather than by objective observation of elderly people. b. the behavior of elderly people is largely determined by biological processes. c. the only way we can know about elderly people is by conducting research using well-controlled experimental methods. d. we should take a practical viewpoint, applying our knowledge to construct helpful programs for elderly people. Page 9 1-29. A feminist psychologist who emphasizes the differences perspective on gender is likely to a. emphasize constructionist explanations. b. point out the importance of stereotypes in shaping gender-related behavior. c. point out that social forces are responsible for the current gender differences. *d. emphasize the importance of positive personality attributes that are typically associated with women, rather than men. Page 9 1-30. Several years ago, the wife of a prominent politician argued that women are naturally attracted to taking care of the home and the family, rather than achieving in the world of work. Which of the following terms describes this viewpoint? a. Social constructionism *b. Essentialism c. Liberal feminism d. Radical feminism 124 of 381 Page 9 1-31. Suppose that you hear a lecture in which the female speaker says, “I will be exploring this topic from an essentialist perspective. Which of the following sentences would you be most likely to hear? *a. “Women have one characteristic in common with one another: a concern about the well-being of children.” b. “Gender differences may be large in the workplace but small in personal interactions.” c. “In the Western hemisphere, people have a view of gender that is very different from the view in the Eastern hemisphere.” d. “Gender differences are so small that they essentially have no practical significance.” Page 10 1-32. The discussion of the early origins of the psychology of women pointed out that a. the discipline advanced rapidly because of people’s commitment to learning correct information about gender. b. several strongly supportive male psychologists helped to nurture this growing discipline. *c. much of the early research on gender was influenced by biases that women were less competent than men. d. this research, in general, was remarkably free of sexist research strategies and conclusions. Page 10 1-33. The psychologist Helen Thompson Woolley is known for a. her early studies of the menstrual cycle. b. her investigations of specific brain areas and intelligence. *c. her research showing similar intellectual abilities in men and women. d. being the first woman to receive a PhD in psychology. Page 10 1-34. Early studies of gender comparisons in psychology a. were all conducted by male researchers. *b. included research on the menstrual cycle. c. established that men had superior mathematical abilities. d. primarily focused on gender differences in nonverbal communication. 125 of 381 Page 10 1-35. Which statement is correct about the field of psychology of women? a. A strong interest in the psychology of women developed between the 1920s and 1960s. b. Despite political interest in women, research on the topic of psychology of women did not increase until about 1985. *c. The interest in psychology of women was partly stimulated by the interest in feminism on college campuses. d. From the very beginning, researchers appreciated that the issue of gender was extremely complex. Page 10 1-36. During the 1970s, a. books on the psychology of women were actually less available than they had been in the 1960s. *b. researchers began to investigate many new questions about the psychology of women. c. researchers realized that the issue of gender was really much more straightforward than they had previously realized. d. most psychologists realized that women had difficulties because their situations were at fault. Page 11 1-37. Research on women in the 1970s often explained the small number of women in some occupations by saying that the problem could be traced to a. the situation, rather than women themselves. *b. women’s lack of assertiveness and fear of success. c. sexism within corporations, universities, and other institutions. d. social constructionism, with respect to women’s ability and motivation. Page 11 1-38. The current approach to the psychology of women is more likely than the approach during the 1970s to emphasize that a. the similarities among women are much greater than the differences between them. b. gender differences in salary can best be explained by women’s lack of selfconfidence. c. the most important distinction among people is gender; other factors such as social class and ethnic background are relatively unimportant. *d. gender is an extremely complex topic. 126 of 381 Page 12 1-39. Currently, the research on the psychology of women a. seems to be declining gradually. b. is mostly confined to psychology journals. *c. is highly interdisciplinary in nature. d. tends to focus on discovering ethnic differences. Page 12 1-40. Which of the following statements is the best summary of the current status of research in the psychology of women? *a. One reason that research in psychology of women is challenging is that women’s and men’s lives today are different than they were in previous decades. b. Because so little research has been conducted, we cannot draw firm conclusions about most aspects of women’s lives. c. Because so much research has been conducted, we can almost always draw firm conclusions about women’s lives. d. Almost all of the information we know about women in the current era is identical to what we knew a decade ago. Page 13 1-41. Which of the following examples does not illustrate the term “White privilege,” as discussed by Peggy McIntosh? a. White people can go to a bookstore and count on finding the writing of their race represented. b. White people who take jobs with affirmative action employers do not need to worry about co-workers suspecting that they got their job because of their race. c. A White person’s body shape, hair style, or body odor are not generally seen as a reflection on their race. *d. White people may not feel safe walking in primarily Black neighborhoods in locations with low crime rates. Page 13 1-42. Which of the following students has the most accurate summary of the “White-as normative” concept? a. Sam: “The most effective research on ethnicity has been inspired by noticing how other ethnic groups differ from the White majority.” b. Cynthia: “When researchers acknowledge the ‘White-as-normative’ concept, they appreciate that all other ethnic groups are similar to each other, but quite different from the White majority.” *c. Scott: “The ‘White-as-normative’ idea means that White is considered to be the standard in our culture to which other ethnic groups are compared.” d. Midori: “According to the ‘White-as-normative’ concept, all other ethnic groups should try to maintain their own customs and beliefs.” 127 of 381 Page 13 1-43. According to the concept of “White as normative,” *a. White people often do not think that they belong to an ethnic group. b. Black people frequently compare themselves with White people. c. Asian people are more likely than White people to graduate from college. d. people from non-White ethnic groups think that “all White people look the same.” Pages 14-16 1-44. The discussion of Latinas and Latinos in your textbook points out that *a. this ethnic group is currently the second largest in the United States. b. Mexican Americans believe that the terms Chicana and Chicano are very racist because these terms reject a connection with their Mexican heritage. c. the term Hispanic should be the preferred term, especially because it emphasizes the proud historical associations that Hispanic people have with Spain. d. the various Latina and Latino groups around North America share very similar values and cultural customs. Pages 14-16 1-45. According to your textbook’s discussion, Latinas and Latinos in the United States *a. are currently the second largest ethnic group; European American people constitute the largest ethnic group. b. are more likely to be Puerto Rican than Mexican. c. are highly similar to one another, compared to White people. d. typically have little in common except for a family history of speaking Spanish. Page 16 1-46. According to the current information about ethnic groups, a. Blacks are currently the second largest ethnic group in the United States; European Americans constitute the largest ethnic group. b. Blacks are likely to have arrived in the United States more recently than people in all other ethnic groups. *c. there is a larger number of well-documented examples of racism for Blacks than for other ethnic groups. d. there is much greater salary discrimination for Blacks than for other ethnic groups. Page 16 1-47. According to your textbook’s discussion of the terms Black and African American, the term Black is generally considered to be a. a racist term. *b. a more inclusive, welcoming term. c. a more specific term. d. an outdated, old-fashioned term. 128 of 381 Page 17 1-48. According to the discussion about Asian American women, a. Asian American women rarely experience discrimination. b. Asian American women consistently earn higher salaries than European American women. c. Asian American women are actually less likely than European American women to earn a college degree. *d. many Asian American women face stressful employment conditions, and they also experience ethnic stereotypes. Page 17 1-49. According to the discussion of Asian American women in Chapter 1, *a. Asian American women living in the United States are more likely than European American women to have completed a bachelor’s degree. b. almost all employed Asian American women have professional careers. c. Asian American women are more likely than European American women to be perceived as natural leaders. d. Although Asian Americans come to the United States from many different cultures, they are highly similar in terms of education and employment patterns. Page 17 1-50. An important characteristic of Native American and First Nations individuals is that a. their tribal languages are actually very similar to one another. *b. they share a history of being invaded by North Americans who have European backgrounds. c. young people generally have little conflict with older relatives, regarding life decisions. d. the variability within any tribal group is very small. Pages 15-18 1-51. According to your textbook’s discussion of women of color, *a. the United States currently has more Latina/o residents than Black residents. b. people who have recently immigrated to the United States from South America usually prefer to be called Chicanas or Chicanos. c. most Black people in the United States report that they have never experienced racism. d. because Asian Americans are considered the “ideal minority group,” they seldom experience stereotyping based on their ethnic group. 129 of 381 Page 18 1-52. The text’s discussion of ethnic groups indicates that a. members of any particular ethnic group generally share a large number of psychological characteristics. b. Asian Americans experience little discrimination. c. Native Americans may differ in geographic origin and history, but they all tend to share the same set of values. *d. there is considerable variability within any ethnic group. Page 18 1-53. Which of the following students’ statements about ethnicity is correct? a. Jayne: “White men are more visible in the media than White women; however, Black women are more visible than Black men.” b. Tareesha: “In general, Native Americans and Canadian First Nations people show less variability than do Asian Americans.” c. Jim: “At present, the United States has more Black residents than Hispanic residents.” *d. Oleg: “When reading research findings about women of color, we need to remember that each ethnic group actually consists of many smaller subgroups.” Page 18 1-54. The research shows that biracial individuals *a. sometimes have an advantage because they can connect with more than one ethnic community. b. typically feel rejected by all ethnic communities. c. are considered to be White, even if one parent is from a non-White ethnic background. d. have been studied more than any ethnic group other than Blacks. Page 18 1-55. The concept called “intersectionality” means that a. a person’s ethnic background is considered more important than his or her gender. b. young adults must choose the dimension that is most important to them, for example, whether gender is more important than social class or sexual orientation. *c. people belong to many social categories, so a low-income Black woman may have different experiences from a low-income White woman. d. people from only one ethnic category are more likely than biracial people to experience intersectionality.