Maryville Patho Exam 1 | 74 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Apoptosis - Programmed cell death Necrosis - Rapid loss of plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction Atrophy - Degeneration of cells Hypertrophy - Swelling of cells Hyperplasia - Increase in number of cells Metaplasia - Replacement of cells, may not be functional Loss of ATP effect on cells - Sodium-potassium pump failure. Intracellular sodium, extracellular potassium leads to edema Effect of oxygen depletion - Anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis) Free radical - electrically charged atom/atoms with unpaired electron--unstable. Steals molecules to stabilize. Lysosome leakage from cell injury - Digestion of cellular organelles, halts DNA/RNA Ethanol - Metabolized to acetaldehyde--liver dysfunction over time Peroxisomes - Detoxify ethanol, creates hydrogen peroxide