Microbiology Final Exam 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

What is found in ALL prokaryotic organisms? - correct answerRibosomes What is the best description of the log phase of a bacterial growth curve? - correct answerPopulations double under optimum conditions Through feedback inhibition a noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme activity would... - correct answerBind to the allosteric site of the enzyme and stop the reaction Yeast infections such as thrush are caused by what? - correct answerCandida albicans The outer protein coat of a simple virus particle is called? - correct answerCapsid In the disease cycle of animal viruses(Lysogenic), uncoating takes place between which two stages? - correct answerPenetration and biosynthesis What would be used to sterilize disposable prepackaged gloves? - correct answerGamma Which type of hepatitis might you acquire by eating raw tomatoes or green onions at a restaurant? - correct answerHepatitis A The bacteria that causes meningitis usually attach and multiply in this area of the body - correct answerUpper respiratory system Helper T cells... - correct answerFunction in both humoral and cell-mediated immune function activation The function of chemical substances such as histamine and leukotrienes would be - correct answerTo stimulate inflammation A cell is said to be _______________ when its cell wall is permeable to foreign DNA - correct answerCompetent An enzyme that assembles free nucleotides to make a molecule of RNA is - correct answerRNA polymerase What do Rickettsias and Chlamydias have in common with viruses? - correct answerThey are both obligated to live inside of a host cell Who discovered penicillin? - correct answerAlexander Flemming What is the difference between fimbriae and pili? - correct answerPili is involved in bacterial sex(conjugation), whereas fimbriae is just for attachment New strains of the flu are made through _______________ _______________. - correct answerAntigenic shifts Prokaryotic ribosome subunits = - correct answer50 + 30 = 70 Eukaryotic ribosome subunits = - correct answer60 + 40 = 80 Fermenters - correct answerHomolactic, Alcohol, Ethanol The prefix for fungi is - correct answerMyco- could be used in the word Mycology (the study of fungi) or Mycoses (a fungi-related disease) Endotoxin - correct answerGram negative Exotoxin - correct answerGram positive Lytic - correct answerThe virus hijacks the cell and then destroys it Lysogenic - correct answerThe virus integrates itself into the DNA and stays there indefinitely What is the least effective antibiotic? - correct answerPenicillin What does betalactimase do? - correct answerCreates resistance to penicillin Chlamydia has _____________ bodies - correct answerelementary Treatment for tetanus? - correct answerIf you have been vaccinated (DTaP) before exposure: If you have not been vaccinated: Tetanus immune globulin What is the leading cause of blindness? - correct answerTrachoma What causes trachoma? - correct answerChlamydia Varicella zoster aka - correct answerChicken pox What bacteria causes cavities? - correct answerStreptococcus mutans Bacteria use - correct answerCAPSULES Where does transcription occur? - correct answerThe nucleus Where does translation occur? - correct answerThe cytoplasm What develops as a complication of strep throat? - correct answerRheumatic fever IgG - correct answerPrevious exposure Can cross the placenta Monomer Longer lasting immunity IgA - correct answerDimer Secretions (saliva, tears) Most abundant IgM - correct answerPentomer Held together by "J-chain" 1st antibody to react Largest Current infection IgD - correct answerMonomer Found on surface of B-cells Helps immediate immune response IgE - correct answerMonomer On Basophils Allergic reactions & Parasitic worms Rank the WBC's from most to least abundant - correct answerNeutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil - correct answerPhagocytic Lymphocyte - correct answerSpecific immunity T-cells, B-cells & natural killer cells Monocyte - correct answerPhagocytic as mature macrophages Eosinophil - correct answerToxic to parasites Basophils - correct answerProduce histamines to combat allergic reactions What are chemoheterotrophs? - correct answerOrganisms that get carbon from organic material such as proteins, carbohydrates & lipids What are chemoautotrophs & photoautotrophs? - correct answerThey get their carbon from carbon dioxide Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use aerobic respiration as a way to produce ATP, but you get the (most/least) ATP from aerobic respiration in prokaryotes - correct answerMost What is the final electron acceptor? - correct answerOxygen What are medically important fungi that exhibit dimorphism? - correct answerYeast-like & filamentous fungi What makes up the envelope of some viruses? - correct answerPhospholipids from the host cell membrane Fungi that cause systemic mycoses lives where? - correct answerThey live in the soil as saprophytes What are the three stages of syphilis? - correct answerPrimary stage - chancre sores Secondary stage - rash on soles of feet and palms Tertiary stage - gummas Which stages of syphilis are infective? - correct answerThe primary and secondary stages Why is mycobacterium hard to treat? - correct answerBecause it has a slow metabolic and growth rate Septicemia is also known as - correct answerBlood poisoning Bacteremia is ______________ in the blood - correct answerBacteria Inflammation is stimulated by chemicals such as - correct answerHistamines and leukotrienes Plasma cells make - correct answerAntibodies & release them into the blood stream What is clonal selection? - correct answerThe process by which B-cells are activated by an antigen Where do monocytes and macrophages bond to on an antibody? - correct answerThe Fc region What activates the cell mediated response of the immune system? - correct answerAntigen presenting cells Transcription - correct answerDNA ------> RNA Translation - correct answerRNA ------> Protein What bacteria causes Tetanus? - correct answerClostridium tetani What bacteria causes Strep? - correct answerStreptococcus pyogens What bacteria causes Lyme disease? - correct answerBorellia burgdorferi What bacteria causes Pneumococcal meningitis? - correct answerStreptococcus pnuemoniae What bacteria causes Tuberculosis? - correct answerMycobacterium tuberculosis What bacteria causes Staphylococcal food poisoning? - correct answerStaphylococcus aureus What bacteria causes Salmonellosis? - correct answerSalmonella enterica What bacteria causes Syphilis? - correct answerTreponema pallidum First line of defense - correct answerskin, mucous membrane, secretions Second line of defense - correct answerwhite blood cells, antimicrobial protiens, and inflammatory response Third line of defense - correct answerlymphocytes & antibodies Alpha hemolysis - correct answerpartial lysis; green halo Beta hemolysis - correct answerfull lysis; clear halo DTaP vaccine - correct answerDiptheria, Tetanus, & Pertussis Tuberculosis vaccine - correct answerBCG Intoxication - correct answerillness in which bacterial toxins are ingested with food or water infection - correct answerillness in which live bacterial pathogens are ingested and grow in the body Malaria transmission - correct answerAnopheles mosquito Chicken pox(herpes simplex 3) goes latent where? - correct answerGanglia Herpes 1 goes latent where? - correct answerTrigeminal pseadopods(eukaryotic membrane) - correct answerlocomotion and engulfing phagoycytes(white blood cell) axial filaments (endoflagellum) - correct answerspirochete locomotion wrapping Flagella - correct answerlocomotion in all 3 domains Reverse transcriptase - correct answertakes DNA back to RNA Chaga's disease(American- T. Cruzi) transmission - correct answerkissing bug-vector West Nile transmission - correct answer mosquito-vector Sleeping sickness(African- T. Bruce) transmission - correct answerers fly-vector What causes chicken pox(Varicella-zoster virus) - correct answer Human herpes virus 3 Leukocytes aka - correct answer White blood cells Vector is also another word for - correct answer Plasmid(DNA injection) Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the development of disease by Clostridial species? - correct answer Endotoxin formation