NSG 311 Exam 4 Questions All Answers
New Update
-non-traumatic amputations
-blindness in the working class middle age population
-End Stage Kidney Disease - Answers -✔✔ Diabetes is the main cause of what 3
things?
- Answers -✔✔ Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by
increased levels of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in:v
carbohydrates - Answers -✔✔ Glucose primarily comes from the food we eat. Mainly
foods containing ________________ are broken down into glucose and used for
energy. Once food is broken down into glucose, it enters the blood and is carried to all
the cells of the body
-insulin
-pancreas - Answers -✔✔ The helper that glucose needs to enter the cell is called
_____________ which is a hormone made by the _________________. Cell receptors
are like doorways into a cell. A cell can have many receptors.
-ingested food
-formation of glucose by the liver - Answers -✔✔ Normally, a certain amount of glucose
circulates in the blood. Major sources of this glucose are absorption of
__________________ , and the _______________________________________
-(beta cells)
-production
- - Answers -✔✔ Insulin:
-A hormone secreted by the pancreas (_________ cells)
-Controls the level of blood glucose by regulating the _________________ of and
_____________ glucose
-into
-rise
-pancreas
-basal - Answers -✔✔ Insulin Glucagon Balance:
-Insulin moves glucose _________ cells when blood glucose levels ________
-During fasting periods (between meals, overnight), the _____________ continuously
releases small amounts of insulin (_________ insulin)
-pancreas
-liver - Answers -✔✔ Insulin/Glucagon Balance
,-Glucagon is released from the ______________ when blood glucose levels decrease
and stimulates the _________ to release stored glucose
-glucagon
-glucose - Answers -✔✔ Insulin/Glucagon Balance:
-_______________ stimulates the liver to break down the previously stored glycogen
back to the original glucose form to be circulated as ____________ into the
bloodstream for the use of the body's cells
-fasting
-glycogenolysis - Answers -✔✔ Hepatic Handling of Glucose:
-The liver provides a source of blood glucose during periods of _____________
-Initially, liver breaks down stored glycogen to produce glucose--- ________________
-8 to 12
-Gluconeogenesis
-the flu - Answers -✔✔ After ___________ hours without food, the liver forms glucose
from the breakdown of non-carbohydrate substances like amino acids
-What is this called? What does it feel like?
-Glycogenolysis
-epinephrine (e.g., adrenergic stimulation)
-glucagon
-Alpha cells
-Islets of Langerhans - Answers -✔✔ _______________________ transpires in the
muscle and liver tissue, where glycogen is stored, as a hormonal response to
______________________________________ and/or ________________; a
pancreatic peptide triggered by low blood glucose concentrations produced in the
_______________ of the _____________________
-Liver (hepatic)
-consume
-remove
-uptake - Answers -✔✔ ___________________ cells can ____________ the glucose-6-
phosphate in glycolysis, or _____________ the phosphate group using the enzyme
glucose-6-phosphatase and release the free glucose into the bloodstream for
____________ by other cells
-Muscle cells
-glucose-6-phosphatase
-glycolysis - Answers -✔✔ ___________________ in humans do not possess
____________________________ and hence will not release glucose, but instead use
the glucose-6-phosphate in ______________.
, Parenteral (intravenous) - Answers -✔✔ _________________________________
administration of glucagon is a common human medical intervention in diabetic
emergencies when sugar cannot be given orally
-Gluconeogenesis
-brain, testes, erythrocytes and kidney medulla - Answers -✔✔
____________________________ is the biosynthesis of new glucose, (i.e. not glucose
from glycogen). The production of glucose from other metabolites is necessary for use
as a fuel source by the ____________, ____________, ___________________,
______________________ since glucose is the sole energy source for these organs
-Insulin
-BG
-10-15
-Family
-6 - Answers -✔✔ Pre-Diabetes:
-_____________ Resistance
-_______ levels run continuum of normal to diagnostic for diabetes
-Overweight (Loss of ________ lbs may improve glycemic control)
-_________ History
-Diet modification and exercise for _____ months
-200 mg/dL - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-Symptoms of diabetes plus casual (anytime without regard to meals) plasma glucose
-Concentration equal to or greater than ____________
-FPG
-126 mg/dL
-8 - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-___________ greater than or equal to _____________
-no caloric intake for at least _____ hours
-Two hour postload
-200 mg/dL - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
____________________ glucose equal to or greater than ________________ during
OGTT
-A1C
-6.5% - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-________ greater than or equal to ________
-2-3
-hemoglobin
-RBC (120 days) - Answers -✔✔ Glycolated Hemoglobin:
-Average blood glucose over a ______ month period
New Update
-non-traumatic amputations
-blindness in the working class middle age population
-End Stage Kidney Disease - Answers -✔✔ Diabetes is the main cause of what 3
things?
- Answers -✔✔ Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by
increased levels of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in:v
carbohydrates - Answers -✔✔ Glucose primarily comes from the food we eat. Mainly
foods containing ________________ are broken down into glucose and used for
energy. Once food is broken down into glucose, it enters the blood and is carried to all
the cells of the body
-insulin
-pancreas - Answers -✔✔ The helper that glucose needs to enter the cell is called
_____________ which is a hormone made by the _________________. Cell receptors
are like doorways into a cell. A cell can have many receptors.
-ingested food
-formation of glucose by the liver - Answers -✔✔ Normally, a certain amount of glucose
circulates in the blood. Major sources of this glucose are absorption of
__________________ , and the _______________________________________
-(beta cells)
-production
- - Answers -✔✔ Insulin:
-A hormone secreted by the pancreas (_________ cells)
-Controls the level of blood glucose by regulating the _________________ of and
_____________ glucose
-into
-rise
-pancreas
-basal - Answers -✔✔ Insulin Glucagon Balance:
-Insulin moves glucose _________ cells when blood glucose levels ________
-During fasting periods (between meals, overnight), the _____________ continuously
releases small amounts of insulin (_________ insulin)
-pancreas
-liver - Answers -✔✔ Insulin/Glucagon Balance
,-Glucagon is released from the ______________ when blood glucose levels decrease
and stimulates the _________ to release stored glucose
-glucagon
-glucose - Answers -✔✔ Insulin/Glucagon Balance:
-_______________ stimulates the liver to break down the previously stored glycogen
back to the original glucose form to be circulated as ____________ into the
bloodstream for the use of the body's cells
-fasting
-glycogenolysis - Answers -✔✔ Hepatic Handling of Glucose:
-The liver provides a source of blood glucose during periods of _____________
-Initially, liver breaks down stored glycogen to produce glucose--- ________________
-8 to 12
-Gluconeogenesis
-the flu - Answers -✔✔ After ___________ hours without food, the liver forms glucose
from the breakdown of non-carbohydrate substances like amino acids
-What is this called? What does it feel like?
-Glycogenolysis
-epinephrine (e.g., adrenergic stimulation)
-glucagon
-Alpha cells
-Islets of Langerhans - Answers -✔✔ _______________________ transpires in the
muscle and liver tissue, where glycogen is stored, as a hormonal response to
______________________________________ and/or ________________; a
pancreatic peptide triggered by low blood glucose concentrations produced in the
_______________ of the _____________________
-Liver (hepatic)
-consume
-remove
-uptake - Answers -✔✔ ___________________ cells can ____________ the glucose-6-
phosphate in glycolysis, or _____________ the phosphate group using the enzyme
glucose-6-phosphatase and release the free glucose into the bloodstream for
____________ by other cells
-Muscle cells
-glucose-6-phosphatase
-glycolysis - Answers -✔✔ ___________________ in humans do not possess
____________________________ and hence will not release glucose, but instead use
the glucose-6-phosphate in ______________.
, Parenteral (intravenous) - Answers -✔✔ _________________________________
administration of glucagon is a common human medical intervention in diabetic
emergencies when sugar cannot be given orally
-Gluconeogenesis
-brain, testes, erythrocytes and kidney medulla - Answers -✔✔
____________________________ is the biosynthesis of new glucose, (i.e. not glucose
from glycogen). The production of glucose from other metabolites is necessary for use
as a fuel source by the ____________, ____________, ___________________,
______________________ since glucose is the sole energy source for these organs
-Insulin
-BG
-10-15
-Family
-6 - Answers -✔✔ Pre-Diabetes:
-_____________ Resistance
-_______ levels run continuum of normal to diagnostic for diabetes
-Overweight (Loss of ________ lbs may improve glycemic control)
-_________ History
-Diet modification and exercise for _____ months
-200 mg/dL - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-Symptoms of diabetes plus casual (anytime without regard to meals) plasma glucose
-Concentration equal to or greater than ____________
-FPG
-126 mg/dL
-8 - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-___________ greater than or equal to _____________
-no caloric intake for at least _____ hours
-Two hour postload
-200 mg/dL - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
____________________ glucose equal to or greater than ________________ during
OGTT
-A1C
-6.5% - Answers -✔✔ Diagnosis of Diabetes:
-________ greater than or equal to ________
-2-3
-hemoglobin
-RBC (120 days) - Answers -✔✔ Glycolated Hemoglobin:
-Average blood glucose over a ______ month period
