Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4: Questions and Answers

Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4: Questions and Answers The inability to smile symmetrically is a sign of cranial nerve VII dysfunction (facial nerve). The inability to open the mouth against resistance is related to a dysfunction of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve). Loss of a gag reflex correlates with dysfunction of cranial nerveIX (glossopharyngeal nerve). Deviation in tongue position when the patient extends it is a sign of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) dysfunction. The cerebellum is responsible for reflexive, involuntary fine-tuning of motor control and for maintaining balance and posture through extensive neural connections with the medulla and with the midbrain. The cerebrum is the site of higher brain function. The diencephalon controls vital functions and visceral activities and is closely associated with those of the limbic system. The brainstem contains the reticular formation which is a large network of diffuse nuclei that connect the brainstem to the cortex and control vital reflexes, such as cardiovascular function and respiration. It is essential for maintaining wakefulness and attention. A patient has a spinal cord injury that included damage to the upper motor neurons. What assessment finding would the healthcare provider associated with this injury? 1. Permanent paralysis below the level of the injury 2. Initial paralysis, but gradual partial recovery later 3. Hemiplegia on the contralateral side of the body 4. Notable increase in the amount of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) ANS: B Upper motor neurons (i.e., corticospinal tract) are the classification of motor pathways completely contained within the CNS. Their primary roles include directing, influencing, and modifying reflex arcs, lower-level control centers, and motor and some sensory neurons