Nutrition 101 Carbohydrates 58 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Nutrition 101 Carbohydrates 58 Questions with Verified Answers empty calories - correct answer Energy with few additional nutrients. Fortification - correct answer The addition of nutrients to foods. Usually nutrients that were not there to begin with. endosperm - correct answer Most of the kernel. It is made up of primarily starch, but it also contains most of the kernel's protein along with some viatmins and minerals. fiber vitamins minerals - correct answer Foods high in added refind sugars said to contribute to empty calories because when separated from their plant sources they no longer come with the ______, _____, ______, and other substances like phytochemicals. starch fiber - correct answer The bonds that link sugar units in starch differ from the bonds in fiber because _______ can be broken down by the body but ________ cannot. 48 grams or more - correct answer Recommended amount of whole grains to eat per day by the whole grains council. enrichment - correct answer The term which defines the addition of specific amounts of specific amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron to refinded grains. Since 1998 folic acid has also been added. whole grain - correct answer Products that contain the entire kernel. refined - correct answer Foods or carbohydrates have undergone processing to remove coarse parts of the original food. An example is table sugar from sugar cane or sugar beets. unrefined - correct answer Foods eaten just as they are found in nature or with minimal processing such as cooking. insulin - correct answer A hormone made in the pancreas that allows glucose to enter cells and stimulates the synthesis of protein, fat, and liver and muscle glycogen. soluble fiber - correct answer Absence of this substance in the diet to bind eith cholesterol and bile acids causes increase of blood cholesterol levels increasing the risk of heart disease. diverticula - correct answer Outpuches in the wall of the colon that form at weak points due to pressure exerted when the colon contracts. hemorrhoids - correct answer Swelling of veins in the rectal or anal area. glucose - correct answer A 6 carbon monosaccharide that is the primary form of carbohydrate used to provide energy in the body. disaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates made up of two sugar units. Maltose, sucrose, and lactose. bran - correct answer The outermost layers of the grain. Contains most of the fiber and are a good source of many vitamins and minerals. lactose - correct answer Milk sugar, is galactose linked to glucose. oligosaccharides - correct answer Short carboydrate chains containing 3 to 10 sugar units. colon - correct answer The part of the body whose job is to complete the digestion process by removing excess water from food wates. fructose - correct answer Term used for a monosaccharide found in fruits and vegetables. galactose - correct answer Term used for a monosaccharide that is part of milk sugar. weight gain - correct answer Is caused by excell intake of calories, no matter whether the excess is from carbohydrate, fat, or protein. cellulose - correct answer A fiber which is made up of straight chains of glucose molecules. 300 grams - correct answer Daily intake values for 2000 calories diet for carbohydrate. 25 grams - correct answer Daily intake values for 2000 calories diet for fiber. hyperglycemia - correct answer Blood glucose level that is above normal. hypoglycemia - correct answer Blood glucose level that is below normal. ketosis - correct answer A high concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine from breakdown of fat to help feed the brain and nervous system in absence of available glucose. glucagon - correct answer A hormone made in the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of liver glycogen and the synthesis of glucose. monosaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates made up of only one sugar unit. Glucose, fructose, and galactose. glycogen - correct answer The storage form of carbohydrate in animals, made up of many glucose molecules linked together in highly branched structure. complex carbohydrates - correct answer Polysaccharides; they are generally not sweet tasting. Glycogen in animals. Starches and fibers in plants. lactose intolerance - correct answer The inability to digest lactose due to a reduction in the levels of the enzyme lactase. resistant - correct answer Starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy people. indigestible carbohydrates - correct answer Fiber and some oligosaccharides are not digested because they cannot be broken down by human enzymes. Can speed transit through the intestine by increasing the amount of fluid and the volume of material. sugar unit - correct answer A sugar molecule that cannot be broken down to yield other sugars. photosynthesis - correct answer The process which uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose. Glucose is produced in plants through this process. starch - correct answer A carbohydrate found in plants, made up of many glucose molecules linked straight or branched chains. simple carbohydrates - correct answer Monosaccharides and disacharides are classified as ____ ______. polysaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates made up of more than two sugar units. fruits and vegetables - correct answer Foods having higher nutrient density. Their sugars arrive in the body diluted in large volumes of water packed with fiber and mixed with many vitamins and minerals. concentrated sweets - correct answer Term used which includes honey that arrive in the body in a dense form practically devoid of nutrients. dental caries - correct answer Carbohydrates, especially sucrose, are easiest for the bacteria to metabolize into acids on teeth causes these. Limiting intake of sweet or sticky foods and proper dental hygiene can help prevent them. glycemic satisfy - correct answer After drinking a glass of fruit juice, the feelings of hunger disappear because the sugar from juice causes a fast _____ response because it is digested fast releasing glucose to _____ the hunger. maltose - correct answer Made up of two glucose units, is formed whenever starch is broken down. It is responsible for the sweet taste you experience when you chew bread and then hold it in your mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase digest the starch present in the bread. sucrose - correct answer The disaccharide made by linking glucose to fructose, is table sugar. It is the only sweetener that can be called sugar in the ingredient list of food labels in the United States. fiber - correct answer ____ is not digested, absorbs water in the intestine and increase in volume conferring benefits. stool - correct answer Fiber softens the _____, making elimination easy. constipation - correct answer Fiber prevents ______, diverticulitis appendicitis, hemorrhoids, and possible colon cancer. waste - correct answer Fiber speeds up _____ removal. nonfat dairy - correct answer Best bet for permanent weight loss is to increase the amount of fruits, vegetables, _____ ______ products, whole grains and beans that you eat. dense - correct answer Best bet for permanent weight loss is to eliminate calorie ____ foods that are high in fat and refined carbohydrates. exercise - correct answer Best bet for permanent weight loss is to _______ on a regular basis. mouth - correct answer Carbohydrate digestion in the ____ the enzyme salivary amylase breaks down starch to polysaccharides. stomach - correct answer In the _____ salivary amylase is inactivated by acid stopping carbohydrate digestion. small intestine - correct answer In the ____ _____ pancreatic amylase starch to disaccharides and oligosacharrides. intestinal villi - correct answer In carbohydrate digestion ____ ____ breaks disaccharides and oligosaccharides into monosaccharides.