Cognitive Neuropsychology (All possible questions with complete answers)

The speech chain correct answers Linguistic level → Physiological level → Acoustic level → Physiological level → Linguistic level External ear (the pinna) correct answers Part of the outer ear and is important for sound localisation Ear canal (external auditory meatus) correct answers tube that has a broad resonance that amplifies frequencies around 3kHz Parts of the outer ear correct answers External ear, ear canal, eardrum and auditory nerve Parts of the middle ear correct answers Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrup) Ossicles correct answers The tiny bones malleus, incus and stapes are known as this Impedance matching correct answers Prevents loss of sound energy by amplifying sounds between air and fluids of the cochlea Protective reflex correct answers The stapedius muscle contracts and stiffens the chain of ossicles when the ear is exposed to very intense sounds Parts of the inner ear (the cochlea) correct answers Vestibular canal (scala vestibuli), tympanic canal (scala tympani) and the cochlear duct (scala media) Cochlea partition correct answers The combined basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, and organ of Corti, which are together responsible for the transduction of sound waves into neural signals. basilar membrane correct answers A structure that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells. Inner hair cells correct answers Sensory cells that respond to the movement of the basilar membrane. Outer hair cells correct answers 3-5 rows - these cells affect how the basilar membrane moves in response to sound, sharpening our ability to discriminate different frequencies of sound. Neural transduction correct answers Displacement of the hair bundle changes the membrane potential of the hair cell. Depolarization causes neurotransmitter release that excites the postsynaptic auditory neuron. The auditory nerve leaving the inner ear consists of the axons of these auditory neurons.