Exam 1 (Potter & Perry Fundamentals Chapter Practice Questions)

__ are accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs. - Assumptions ___ are the words or phrases that identify, define, and establish structure and boundaries for ideas generated about a particular phenomena. - Concepts ___ have different purposes and are sometimes classified by levels of abstraction or the goals. - Theories ___ is considered to be the mother of psychiatric nursing. - Hildegard Peplau ___ is the end product of a system. - output ___ nursing practice helps nurses to design and implement nursing interventions that address individual and family responses to health problems. - Theory-based ___ offer well-grounded rationales for how and why nurses perform specific interventions and for predicting patient behaviors and outcomes. - Theories ___ research determines how accurately a theory describes a nursing phenomenon. - Theory-testing ___ research uses logic to explore relationships between phenomena. - Theorygenerating ___ serves as the foundation for the art and science of nursing. - Theory ___ theories are more limited in scope and less abstract. - Middle-range ___ theories continue to advance nursing knowledge through nursing research. - Middle-range ___ theories help shape and define your practice. - Grand ___ theories help you provide specific care for individuals and groups of diverse populations and situations. - Practice (**) A nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory problems. which assessment finding indicates a late sign of hypoxia? a. elevated blood pressure b. increased pulse rate c. restlessness d. cyanosis - ANS: D Cyanosis, blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries, is a late sign of hypoxia. Elevated blood pressure, increased pulse rate, and restlessness are early signs of hypoxia. DIF:Understand (comprehension)REF:877 (**) A nurse teaches a patient about atelectasis. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of atelectasis? a. "Atelectasis affects only those with chronic conditions such as emphysema." b. "It is important to do breathing exercises every hour to prevent atelectasis." c. "If I develop atelectasis, I will need a chest tube to drain excess fluid." d. "Hyperventilation will open up my alveoli, preventing atelectasis." - ANS: B Atelectasis develops when alveoli do not expand. Breathing exercises, especially deep breathing and incentive spirometry, increase lung volume and open the airways, preventing atelectasis. Deep breathing also opens the pores of Kohn between alveoli to allow sharing of oxygen between alveoli. Atelectasis can affect anyone who does not deep breathe. A chest tube is for pneumothorax or hemothorax. It is deep breathing, not hyperventilation, that prevents atelectasis. DIF:Apply (application)REF:872 | 892 | 896 (**) The nurse is assessing a patient with emphysema. Which assessment finding requires further follow-up with the health care provider? a. Increased anterior-posterior diameter of the chest b. Accessory muscle used for breathing c. Clubbing of the fingers d. Hemoptysis - ANS: D Hemoptysis is an abnormal occurrence of emphysema, and further diagnostic studies are needed to determine the cause of blood in the sputum. Clubbing of the fingers, barrel chest (increased anterior-posterior chest diameter), and accessory muscle use are all normal findings in a patient with emphysema. DIF:Apply (application)REF:882 (**) The nurse suspects the patient has increased after load. Which piece of equipment should the nurse obtain to determine the presence of this condition? a. pulse oximeter b. oxygen cannula c. blood pressure cuff d. yankauer suction tip catheter - ANS: C A blood pressure cuff is needed. The diastolic aortic pressure is a good clinical measure of afterload. Afterload is the resistance to left ventricular ejection. In hypertension the afterload increases, making cardiac workload also increase. A pulse oximeter is used to monitor the level of arterial oxygen saturation; it will not help determine increased