TEST BANK FOR COGNITION EXPLORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND 7TH EDITION BY DANIEL REISBERG LATEST VERSION 2023.

TEST BANK FOR COGNITION EXPLORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND 7TH EDITION BY DANIEL REISBERG LATEST VERSION 2023. CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology. 1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives. 1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry. 1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology. 1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how it works. 1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop- ment of “computer intelligence.” MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology? ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding 2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity? ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying 3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology? a. anger management b. decision making c. memory d. Attention a. reading a newspaper b. studying for a test c. talking on the phone d. breathing a. amnesia b. language acquisition c. Lyme disease d. problem-solving strategies . ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying 4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding 5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.? ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying 6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter? ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating 7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering 8. The term “introspection” refers to the a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event or conversation. b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob. c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an event. d. the individual sentences are short. a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.” b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.” c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.” d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.” a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists. b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone’s ability to remember. c. Memory is not very important. d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the specific sites that are damaged. a. memory dysfunction. b. an inability to recognize patterns. c. inarticulate speech. d. impaired language comprehension. a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual. b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity. . ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Remembering 9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method is called ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Remembering 10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding 11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE? ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding 12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she examines and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process? ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Applying 13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas. d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication. a. logical inference. b. reconstruction. c. introspection. d. a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion. b. mental events that are unconscious. c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge. d. events that take a long time to unfold. a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly. b. It is subjective. c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing. d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition. a. practical rehearsal b. introspection c. learning history analysis d. goal retrieval a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly. b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training. c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events. . d. it provided cognitive psychology’s first testable claims. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Analyzing 14. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE? ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Evaluating 15. Which of the following statements provides the most serious obstacle to the use of introspection as a source of scientific evidence? ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Evaluating 16. In cognition, as in other sciences, we develop claims that can be tested. These claims are generally referred to as ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection OBJ: 1.3 | 1.4 MSC: Understanding 17. A behaviorist, like John Watson, is LEAST likely to believe which of the following statements? ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.3 | 1.4 MSC: Analyzing 18. Historically, the movement known as behaviorism was to a large extent encouraged by scholars’ concerns regarding a. nonverbal in nature. b. Different participants might be using different terms to describe similar experiences. c. Introspection provides valuable scientific data, but only after the person doing the introspection has received many hours of training. d. Participants cannot possibly introspect about events that are unconscious. a. When facts are provided by introspection, we have no way to assess the facts themselves, independent of the reporter’s perspective. b. Introspection is only effective for children, because children have not yet learned to inhibit their own self-reports. c. Introspection is a valid method only if the person doing the introspection goes into a trancelike state. d. The process of reporting on one’s own mental events is too slow to be scientifically useful. a. research proposals. b. empirical models. c. statistical comparisons. d. hypotheses. a. Our learning history powerfully influences our behaviors. b. Children are a good source for data. c. The mind is not amenable to scientific inquiry because it is not easily observed. d. When it comes to collecting data, introspection is as valuable as behavior. . ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Understanding 19. Behaviorists study organisms’ ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Remembering 20. Of the following, behaviorists argued that were most important in analyzing behavior. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Remembering 21. Which of the following would a classical behaviorist be LEAST likely to study? ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Applying 22. Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form for many reasons, including the fact that ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Analyzing 23. If Sheila says, “Pass the salt, please,” you are likely to pass her the salt. You’ll probably respond in the same way if Sheila (a chemistry major) instead asks, “Could you please hand me the sodium chloride crystals?” This observation seems to indicate that our behavior is a. primarily controlled by the physical characteristics of the stimuli we encounter. a. psychotherapy. b. an exaggerated focus on participants’ responses. c. research based on introspection. d. a focus on brain mechanisms and a corresponding inattention to mental states. a. expectations. b. desires and motivations. c. dreams. d. responses. a. expectations b. beliefs c. wishes d. learning histories a. a participant’s response to a regularly occurring situation b. a participant’s beliefs c. changes in a participant’s behavior that follow changes in the environment d. principles that apply equally to human behavior and to the behavior of other species a. classical behaviorism failed to consider the mental processes underlying cognition. b. humans are more similar to computers than to other species studied in the laboratory. c. psychology rejected behaviorism’s emphasis on an organism’s subjective states. d. an organism’s behavior can be changed by learning. . ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Years of Behaviorism OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Evaluating 24. The process of taking observable information and inferring a cause is known as ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Intellectual Foundations of the Cognitive Revolution OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Remembering 25. One important difference between classical behaviorism and cognitive psychology is that cognitive psychology ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Intellectual Foundations of the Cognitive Revolution OBJ: 1.4 MSC: Analyzing 26. Cognitive psychology often relies on the transcendental method, in which ANS: C .