Chapter 7 Structure and Function of the Human Body Study Set

Chapter 7 Structure and Function of the Human Body Study Set Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the form and structure of an organism Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of the functions(how and why something works) of these structures Diseases - CORRECT ANSWER-abnormal conditions created when the normal A&P of the body are altered Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of why diseases occur and how the body changes in function in reaction to the diseases Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-study of the causes of diseases Signs and Symptoms (S/S) - CORRECT ANSWER-the objective evidence(signs) observed by the health care professional and the subjective data(symptoms) reported by patients about their condition Objective Data - CORRECT ANSWER-direct observations made by the health care professional to evaluate a patient's condition Subjective Data - CORRECT ANSWER-information the patient tells the health care professional about his or her condition; cannot be directly observed Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-not a precise disease but a group of related signs and symptoms Diagnostic Procedures - CORRECT ANSWER-tests performed to determine the diagnosis Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-name of the disease or syndrome Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-medications or procedures used to control or cure the disease Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER-prediction of the possible outcome of the disease and potential for recovery Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-behaviors that promote health and prevent disease Wellness - CORRECT ANSWER-promotion of health due to preventive measures and the practice of good health habits; when the body is in a state of homeostasis Illness - CORRECT ANSWER-a state experienced by the body when one or more control systems lose the ability to maintain homeostasis Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-prevent the initial occurence of the disease or injury by maintaining homeostasis Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-treat conditions that do occur as quickly as possible to prevent further damage Tertiary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER-rehabilitate to allow the person to regain as much function as possible and prevent further disability Long Bones - CORRECT ANSWER-longer than they are wide (arms: humerus, radius, ulna legs: femur, tibia, fibula fingers and toes: metacarpals metatarsals, phalanges) Short Bones - CORRECT ANSWER-similar in length and width (wrists and ankles: carpals and tarsals) Flat Bones - CORRECT ANSWER-two layers with space between them (cranium, ribs, scapula, sternum, pelvis) Irregular Bones - CORRECT ANSWER-those that do not fit into the other categories (vertebrae, facial bones, patella) Medullary Cavity/Canal - CORRECT ANSWER-center cavity containing yellow marrow(primarily fat cells); covered by a layer of endosteum Diaphysis - CORRECT ANSWER-portion that runs between the ends of the bone, also called the "shaft" Epiphyses - CORRECT ANSWER-ends of the bone(proximal and distal) Periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER-white, fibrous layer that covers the outside of the bone; contains blood, lymph vessels, and nerves; where bone growth, repair, and nutrition occur; serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments Red Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER-manufactures the RBCs, which carry oxygen, and the WBCs, which protect the body from infections Cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER-elastic commective tissue that covers the end of the bones and functions as a cushion between bones; covers the surface of joints and forms the flexible parts of the skeleton Axial Skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-skull, inner ear, hyoid, spinal column, ribs, and sternum Appendicular Skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-shoulders, arms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet Joints (Articulation) - CORRECT ANSWER-the connection between bones that allow for movement, covered by synovial fluid Ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER-fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another and creates the stability of the joint Bursa - CORRECT ANSWER-a small fluid filled sac or cavity Abduction - CORRECT ANSWER-movement away from the median plane of the body Adduction - CORRECT ANSWER-movement toward the median plane of the body Circumduction - CORRECT ANSWER-movement in a circular direction Extension - CORRECT ANSWER-straighten Flexion - CORRECT ANSWER-to bend Pronation - CORRECT ANSWER-turning the hand so the palm faces downward or backward, also refers to lying facedown) Rotation - CORRECT ANSWER-motion around a central axis Supination - CORRECT ANSWER-turning the palm or foot upward, also refers to lying face up Cardiac Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER-located only in the heart, the pumping contractions and relaxations of the muscle occur with no concious effort on the part of the individual (involuntary control) S