IHUM 202 Exam 1 100% Correct Answers

Michelangelo Caravaggio - Painter during Italian Baroque period; noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and dramatic use of tenebrism and chiaroscuro techniques; depicted sensual experience in religious artwork; "Calling of St. Matthew" "Conversion of St. Paul" "Bacchus" Chiaroscuro - Painters try to create spatial depth and volumetric forms through slight gradations of light and dark Tenebrism - Painting technique that makes use of large areas of dark contrasting sharply with smaller brightly illuminated areas (An exaggerated form of chiaroscuro.) John Donne - Italian Baroque metaphysical poet; "Batter My Heart" (1618); "The Flea" (1633); depicted sensual experience in religious conversion and poems Elisabetta Sirani (1638-65) - Italian Baroque painter; inspired by Caravaggio; "Virgin and Child" 1663 Artemisia Gentileschi (/3) - Italian Baroque painter; inspired by Caravaggio; "Judith and Maidservant with Head of Holofernes"; painted biblical and mythological women; used her own tragedy (rape) to inspire her paintings Gian Lorenzo Bernini () - Italian Baroque architect and sculptor, famous for Saint Peter's Basilica and "David" Francesco Borromini () - "San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane" (1634-7) - Interior details, Baroque architecture is heavy on the decoration Giovanni Gabrieli () - Baroque musician; the principal organist at Saint Mark's Cathedral, Venice; expanded on polychoral style and was one of the first to write religious music for wind ensemble; "Canzona Duodecimi Toni (Canzona in the Twelfth Mode [or Tone])"; first known composer to designate dynamics; organized his compositions around a tonic note Claudio Monteverdi () - Baroque violinist; mastered the opera (text-based music); Antonio Vivaldi () - Baroque composer; Musical director at the Ospedale della Pietà (an orphanage in Venice that specialized in music instruction for girls.) Excelled in composing Concertos, and systematized them into 1st mov. Allegro, 2nd mov. Adagio, and 3rd mov. Presto form. Wrote over 600 concertos, including "The Four Seasons" Johann Sebastian Bach () - Born in Germany to a musical family; Court musician in Weimar (); Devout Lutheran; Later years as church music director in Leipzig; Married twice; had 20 children (only 10 survived to adulthood); Organist, Harpsichord; Composed Concertos, fugues, choral works (cantatas, oratorios, masses); "Brandenburg Concertos" (Study Concerto 2, 1st movement - lots of 16th notes); "Cantata No. 78: Jesu, der du meine Seele" Georg Friedrich Händel () - German born; Contemporary of Bach (they lived at the same time); Traveled to Italy; 1710, received post of music chapel master to George of Hanover, later George I of England; Learned 4 languages; Renowned for composing: opera, oratorio; "Messaiah" Ritornello - A musical passage in which an instrument performs episodes that contrast back and forth with the orchestral score Modulation - Starting a composition in the tonic key, moving to another key, and then returning to the tonic. Oratio - a set of Roman Catholic invocative prayers consisting of a liturgical action and a short, general prayer Aria - An elaborate solo or duet song that expresses the singer's emotions and feelings, often in an oratorio Sonata - Literally, "that which is sounded," referring in the broadest sense to a work for an instrument or instruments in any combination. Opera - A text-based musical drama.