White Blood Cell Disorder Study Guide 2023 with complete solution

White Blood Cell Disorder Study Guide 2023 with complete solution Overview - Answer- WBC's (leukocytes) protect against infection - WBC's produced in bone marrow - Innate Immunity • 1st line of defense • Neutrophils, macrophages • Inflammatory response - Adaptive Immunity • Specific and acquired • B and T lymphocytes • Memory cells Agranulocytes - Answer- Monocytes - 2%-10% of circulating WBC's - Macrophages • Mature monocytes in tissues - First responders, phagocytosis, cytokine synthesis - Dendritic cells • Antigen-presenting cells Lymphocytes - Answer- 20%-40% of circulating WBC's - T and B cells - Provide long-term immunity - B cells produce antibodies • Immunoglobulins, Igs Granulocytes - Answer-- Cytoplasm contains granules of chemicals -- Cells: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils -- Eosinophils • 1%-7% of circulating WBC's • Elevate during parasitic infections and allergies • Can release an array of inflammatory mediators -- Basophils • Less than 2% of circulating WBC's • Levels elevate during infection and inflammation • Granules contain histamine which, help signal neutrophil migration -- Neutrophils • 40%-80% of circulating WBC's • First responders, carry out phagocytosis • Release enzymes to destroy microorganisms, releasing free radicals • Polymorphonuclear (PMN's) ‒ Mature neutrophils ‒ AKA: "Segs" ‒ "Bands"—immature neutrophils • "Shift to the left" ‒ High number of bands, indicating high level of neutrophil formation